Midterm Flashcards by keala dueck

What structure/landmark is medial to costal cartilage?

The Sternum

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Fossa definition

A space found in bones especially long bones
Allows them to move freely

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Circumduction definition
What joint does it occur at?

Movement of the upper limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern

Occurs at the shoulder, wrist and hip

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Carrying Angle definition and the bones involved

The acute angle made by median axis of arm and forearm in full extension and supination
Bones involved- humerus

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Bursa definition
What does it do?

It is a fluid filled sac located between bone and surrounding soft tissue, bones or tendons
Reduces tension and wear + tear at point of friction

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Pronation definition

Movement- palms facing downward
Joint it occurs at- proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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Pisiform is located on which surface of the hand?

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Functions of Osseous bone tissue?

Protect from internal organs and store/release fat

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What is the orientation of the calcaneous relative to the talus?

Calcaneous is oriented inferior and slightly posterior to the talus
Talus sits on top of the calcaneous

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How is the foot similar to the hand in structure?

Bone structure- each has a set of phalanges, metacarpals, carpals and tarsal bones
Joint structure- bone have hinge joints

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Why is the ankle the most stable in dorsiflexion?

Talus shape- when the foot is dorsiflexed, the shape of the talus locks the foot in place

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Why is the knee considered a “modified” hinge joint?

Because of its unique structure and function
There are additional features that allow for more complex movements

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How many carpals in the hand?
Name them

8
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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How many tarsal bones are in the foot? Name them

7
Calcaneous
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuniforms 1,2,3

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What bones have a head as an anatomical landmark?

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula

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Valgus vs. Varus

Valgus- lateral to medial (Medial collateral ligament)
Varus- Medial to lateral (Lateral collateral ligament)

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What joints have collateral ligaments to provide support?

Lateral collateral ligament- knee
Medial collateral ligament- knee
All hinge joints

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What joints are uni-axial?

Elbow and ankle

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What joints are multi-axial?

Shoulder and hip

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What joints are bi-axial?

Wrist and thumb

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What part of the talus is the widest part of the bone?

The anterior part of the body, specifically the head of the talus

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What movements are possible at the knee joint?

Flexion and extension

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Functional classification of joints

Synarthrosis- immovable joints (ex: sutures of the skull)

Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable (ex: intervertebral discs)

Diarthrisis- full movement (ex: majority of joints)

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Where is the sella turcica located?

Pituitary gland

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The mastoid process is a landmark on which bone?

Temporal bone

What bone is referred to as the “keystone” of the skull?

Sphenoid

What suture separates the occipital bone from the parietal bone?

Lamboidal

What foramen does the spinal cord pass through?

Foramen magnum

What bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

Zygomatic bone

What bone is part of the neurocranium?

Frontal bone

What is the notch at the superior aspect of the manubrium called?

Suprasternal notch

Functional classification of the costovertebral joints?

Diarthrosis

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

Vertebral bodies

What does the tubercle on a rib articulate with?

Transverse process

How many pairs of ribs do most people have?

Which ribs do NOT have an anterior attachment site?

Floating ribs

On what view can you see the entire subscapular fossa on a scapula?

What articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint

Glenoid Fossa

What joint is responsible for the first 30 degrees of shoulder abduction?

Glenohumeral joint

What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Saddle

Where does the axial skeleton attach to the appendicular skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint

What is a typical carrying angle at the elbow?

15 degrees

What joint may contain an articular disc to improve the fit of the bones?

Acromioclavicular joint

What does the distal radius cross over the distal ulna?

Radio-ulnar pronation

What type of joint is the intermediate radioulnar joint?

Fibrous

Cranial bone that attaches to the supraorbital foramen

Frontal bone

Kyphosis and Lordosis

Kyphosis- primary curvature Lordosis- curve at cervical and lumbar regions

What sits in the intervertebral foramina?

Nerve roots/spinal nerves

Name 2 ligaments that would only be found in the cervical region

Ligamentum Nuchae and Transverse Atlanta’s Ligament

Thoracic movements of inspiration to increase the size of the thoracic cavity

Pump handle Bucket handle Diaphragm

Components of the ribs

Head Neck Tubercle Body

What suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bone?

Coronal suture

Structural classification of the sternoclavicular joint?

Synovial

What is the lining of the medullary cavity called?

Endosteum

What forms an articulation with the superior articular processes of L1?

Inferior articular processes of T12

What type of synovial joint is a facet joint?

Plane joint

What is the name given to the normal adult curve in the thoracic region of the spine?

Kyphosis

What is the large bony body prominence on the proximal lateral humerus?

Greater tuberosity

What is the joint called where the costal cartilage attaches to the sternum?

Sternocostal joint

Joints of the thorax (3)

Costovertebral- joints between ribs and vertebrae Sternocostal- between sternum and costal cartilage Costochondral- between ribs and costal cartilage

Movements of the thorax

Inspiration/ expiration

What is the movement called when the scapulae are drawn toward the vertebral column?

Scapular retraction

During scapular upward rotation, the glenoid fossa turns to face _____________.

Superiorly

Compare the pelvic and pectoral girdles in terms of stability and mobility

Stability- pectoral girdles is much less stable due to thinner capsule Mobility- pectoral girdle is more mobile

How can you differentiate the medial end of the clavicle from the lateral end?

Medial end is cone-shaped, lateral end is flattened

Purpose of the glenoid labrum?

It deepens the glenohumeral socket for a better fit with the head of the humerus

What structures protect the shoulder joint from dislocating?

Superiorly: Coracoacromial ligament Anteriorly: Anterior glenohumeral ligament Posteriorly: Posterior glenohumeral ligament

What parts of the scapula can be palpated?

Superior angle, inferior angle, acromion process

Main function of the interosseous membrane

It increases the surface area for muscle attachment and provides increased stability between 2 bones

Movements of the thumb

Flexion Extension Abduction

Structures that articulate to form the wrist joint

Radius Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum

Function of palmar plates

Restricts hyperextension of the fingers and keeps tendons from being pinched in the joints during flexion

What structure receives the body’s weight when sitting?

Ischial Tuberosity

What are the attachment points of the sacrospinous ligament?

Sacrum and Ischial spine

What type of structure is between the 2 pubic bones?

Cartilaginous disc

Structural classification of the superior tibiofibular joint?

Synovial

Sharp ridge on the anterior surface of the leg?

Anterior tibial border

What bones participate in the knee joint?

Tibia, femur and patella

Screw Home mechanism definition

When the knee moves into terminal extension the lateral condyle runs out of articular surface while the medial side has extra articular surface left, allowing it to go further causing rotation.

Why is the medial meniscus damaged more often than the lateral meniscus?

It’s attached to the medial collateral ligament

What forms the most distal portion of the tibia?

Medial malleolus

What ligament supports the head of the talus?

Spring ligament

3 arches of the foot

Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal and transverse

3 bones that the bifurcate ligament attaches to?

Calcaneous, cuboid and navicular

What is the shape of the crural component of the ankle joint?

Concave

What 3 bones does the deltoid ligament attach to?

Talus, calcaneous and navicular

How many bones comprise 1 pelvis?

What is the medial attachment point of the iliolumbar ligament?

Transverse process of L5

What is the location of the obturator foramen?

On the inferior aspect of the innominate bone

What bony landmark divides the greater and lesser sciatic notches?

Ischial spine

Purpose of gluteal lines

Site of muscle attachment

What is the orientation of the acetabulum on an innominate bone?

Lateral aspect

What is the enlarged distal end of the tibia referred to as?

Medial malleolous

What bursal sac provides protection to the superficial aspect of the patella?

Prepattelar

Structural classification of the superior tibiofibular joint?

Synovial

What makes the knee joint architecturally unstable?

Shape of the articulating bones

Distal attachment point of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?

Head of the fibula

What tarsal bone receives the initial contact with the ground in normal walking?

Calcaneous

Where are the sesamoid bones located in the foot?

Plantar side

What are the 2 craniovertebral joints? Structural classification?

Atlanto-occipital joint Atlanto-axial joint, synovial

6 ligaments in the vertebral column

Anterior longitudinal Posterior longitudinal Ligamentum flavum Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Inter-transverse ligament

3 parts that make the sternum

Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Landmarks of the clavicle

Sternal end Acromion end Acromioclavicular joint Conoid tubercle

Transverse numeral ligament

Ligament that crosses bicipital groove, keeps deltoid tendon against the floor groove

Midterm Flashcards

(104 cards)