midterm

Question 1

required to visualize areas of the body when the organ or system of interest is too similar to the surrounding area.

Answer 1

Contrast agents

Question 2

are rarely used because CT and MRI have replaced procedures that were once performed with these gaseous materials.

Answer 2

Negative contrast agents

Question 3

are used primarily to add density to vasculature structures of an organ.

Answer 3

Intravascular radiopaque contrast media

Question 4

are effective photon absorbers in the body because of they are derivatives of tri-iodinated benzoic acid

Answer 4

Positive agents

Question 5

most common type used in imaging of GI system

Answer 5

Barium

Question 6

another type of contrast used for GI imaging

Answer 6

Gastrografin

Question 7

High atomic number: decrease radiographic density on the IR

Answer 7

Iodine, barium, bromine

Question 8

able to absorb x-ray photons, thus allowing the area of interest to be seen on the radiographic image as white area.

Answer 8

Iodine

Question 9

are used to increase the visibility of body cavities, organs, and the vascular system in diagnostic imaging, fluoroscopy, and other imaging modalities such as CT and MRI

Answer 9

Contrast agents

Question 10

distributed easily to areas where visualization is required for diagnosis

Answer 10

Distribution

Question 11

excreted from the body in a relatively safe manner

Answer 11

Excretion

Question 12

large dose of contrast media is administered at one time

Answer 12

Bolus

Question 13

Radiodensity in body tissues of contrast agent is related to the percentage of iodine in the contrast medium.

Answer 13

Ionic and Nonionic contrast agents

Question 14

reaction to the procedure itself rather than to the contrast agent

Answer 14

Vasovagal response

Question 15

Food and Drug Administration

Answer 15

1906

Question 16

Food Drug and Cosmetic Act

Answer 16

1938

Question 17

Childhood Vaccine Act

Answer 17

1986

Question 18

Prescription Drug user free Act

Answer 18

1992

Question 19

Dietary Supplement Health and education act

Answer 19

1994

Question 20

FDA Modernization Act

Answer 20

1997

Question 21

a contract wherein the patient voluntarily gives permission to someone to perform a procedure or service.

Answer 21

Consent

Question 22

obtaining a patient’s permission to perform a procedure without knowledge of that procedure.

Answer 22

Simple consent

Question 23

when the patient does not stop the procedure from taking place.

Answer 23

Express consent

Question 24

occurs in emergency situations when it is not possible to obtain consent from the patient, his or her parents, or a legal representative.

Answer 24

Implied consent

Question 25

This occurs when the patient has not been informed adequately to make a responsible decision.

Answer 25

ignorant consent

Question 26

Drugs that relieve pain without loss of consciousness.

Answer 26

ANALGESICS

Question 27

Acts on the CNS to produce loss of sensation.

Answer 27

ANESTHETIC AGENTS

Question 28

can be divided into inhalation agents such as sevoflurane (Ultane) or intravenous agents such as propofol (Diprivan)

Answer 28

General anesthetics

Question 29

such as mepivacaine (Carbocaine) block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the CNS. The extent of their action depends on the area to which they are applied.

Answer 29

Local anesthetics

Question 30

Also called anxiolytics, are drugs used in the treatment of anxiety They act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient.

Answer 30

ANTIANXIETY DRUGS

Question 31

Used to treat arrhythmias. The abnormal rhythm may occur in the atria or in the ventricles.

Answer 31

ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

Question 32

Also called antimicrobials are drugs used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Answer 32

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS/ ANTIBIOTICS

Question 33

are drugs that reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of the GI tract, and secretions from the respiratory tract and secretory glands.

Answer 33

ANTICHOLINERGICS

Question 34

-Inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time. -Use primarily to prevent or treat thromboembolic disorder

Answer 34

ANTICOAGULANT

Question 35

antiepileptic drugs are drugs used to prevent or control the occurrence of seizures.

Answer 35

ANTICONVULSANTS

Question 36

Are drugs used in the treatment of depression. These drugs often require several weeks of administration to achieve their maximal therapeutic effects

Answer 36

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Question 37

Insulin is the only treatment used to treat type 1 but is also used in the treatment for type 2.

Answer 37

ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS

Question 38

-Drug used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. -They are most effective when given before the onset of symptoms.

Answer 38

ANTIEMETIC DRUGS

Question 39

-Substances that destroys or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi. -Fungal infections are more likely to occur in patients who are immunocompromised.

Answer 39

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

Question 40

Used to treat hypertension. Hypertension, if left untreated can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, strokes, and blindness.

Answer 40

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS

Question 41

-Drugs inhibit platelet aggregation. -Indications: MI, stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

Answer 41

ANTIPLATELETS

Question 42

neuroleptics are used to treat psychotic diseases like schizophrenia, delusional disorders, acute mania, and agitated states.

Answer 42

ANTIPSYCHOTIC

Question 43

-Used to treat peptic ___ both gastric and duodenal, and GERD.

Answer 43

ANTIULCER AGENTS

Question 44

-substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of viruses. -Used to treat herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingles, influenza and HIV.

Answer 44

ANTIVIRAL

Question 45

-are drugs used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. -It relaxes bronchial smooth muscles and dilates the respiratory passage.

Answer 45

BRONCHODILATORS

Question 46

-Increase levels of acetylcholine a major neurotransmitter in the CNS major. -Indications: AD (Alzheimer’s Disease) reduce by 90%

Answer 46

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

Question 47

-Used to control hemorrhage or to speed up coagulation. -Most are preparations of vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin needed for normal blood coagulation.

Answer 47

COAGULANTS

Question 48

-Used to reduce symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or for short-term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions.

Answer 48

Contricosteroids

Question 49

-Increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys thus removing sodium and water from the body.

Answer 49

DIURETICS

Question 50

-Affects the endocrine system.

Answer 50

HORMONES