Midterm

Question 1

What are the four main Macromolecules we learned about in class?

Answer 1

Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

Question 2

What contains the variable for which you are testing?

Answer 2

A positive control

Question 3

What does not contain the variable for which you are testing?

Answer 3

A negative control

Question 4

When you are testing to identify major types of organic compounds, which are the two treatments?

Answer 4

An unknown solution and a control to provide a standard for comparison

Question 5

What organic compound does sugar and starch make?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

What color is a positive indicator of protein?

Answer 6

Violet

Question 7

When using iodine, what color is a positive indicator of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Bluish-black

Question 8

What color is a positive indicator of a lipid?

Answer 8

Hot pink

Question 9

What does a grease spot test test for?

Answer 9

Lipids

Question 10

What is the matrix do in column chromatography?

Answer 10

The matrix separates the chemicals mixed in the sample, it consists of beads with tiny pores and internal channels.

Question 11

What are the three methods we learned that separate compounds from mixtures?

Answer 11

Column chromatography
Paper chromatography
Gel electrophoresis

Question 12

In column chromatography, the _______ helps control the pH of the sample, it is a solution with a known pH that resists changes in pH if other chemicals are added.

Answer 12

buffer

Question 13

The ______ is the material in the column that separates chemicals mixed in a sample by size and shape.

Answer 13

Matrix

Question 14

Which shape moves through a column quicker: spherical molecules or rod-shaped molecules?

Answer 14

Rod-shaped molecules move faster

Question 15

Which appear earlier in fractions, large molecules or small molecules?

Answer 15

Large molecules appear earlier in fractions

Question 16

What determines a high Rf factor?

Answer 16

The farther away a sample moves from the “origin”, the higher the Rf factor

Question 17

What determines a low Rf factor?

Answer 17

The closer a sample is to the origin, the lower the Rf factor

Question 18

How do you calculate Rf?

Answer 18

Distance moved by sample divided by distance moved by solvent

Question 19

What is fractionation range in column chromatography?

Answer 19

The range of molecular weights the matrix can separate.

Question 20

What determines a matrix’s fractionation range?

Answer 20

The size of the bead’s pores.

Question 21

In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the middle is large or small?

Answer 21

Large

Question 22

In gel electrophoresis, the sample that is closest to the edge is large or small?

Answer 22

Small

Question 23

Paper chromatography separates based on ________

Answer 23

solubility

Question 24

In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the ______ and the mobile phase is the _______

Answer 24

paper, solvent

Question 25

If an amino acid is soluble, it will move up/down the paper?

Answer 25

Up

Question 26

Buiret test for..

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

Sudan 4 tests for...

Answer 27

Lipids

Question 28

Dische diphenylamine tests for...

Answer 28

Nucleic acids

Question 29

Benedict tests for...

Answer 29

Sugars

Question 30

Iodine tests for...

Answer 30

Starches

Question 31

In column chromatography, what size molecules appear first and which appear later?

Answer 31

large molecules appear first | small molecules appear later

Question 32

What are lipids made of?

Answer 32

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 33

What are proteins made of?

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

What is the function of a vacuole in a cell?

Answer 34

Maintains pH level of cell Isolates harmful substances Hydrostatic pressure maintenance

Question 35

What kingdoms contain prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 35

Archaea and Eubacteria contain prokaryotic organisms

Question 36

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 36

Protection, provides structural support and prevents over-expansion

Question 37

What kingdom does Spirogyra belong to? Is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 37

Protista, it is a eukaryote

Question 38

What kingdom contains organisms without a nucleus?

Answer 38

Monera

Question 39

Are protists eukaryotic?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

True or false: mitosis results in diploid daughter cells

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or false: meiosis results in diploid daughter cells

Answer 41

False, meiosis = haploid

Question 42

What are controls?

Answer 42

Known solutions

Question 43

What are positive controls?

Answer 43

Positive controls contain the variable for which you are testing, it is known

Question 44

What color indicates sugar?

Answer 44

Blue, green, reddish orange

Question 45

2n --> 2n describes what type of cell division?

Answer 45

Diploid (Mitosis)

Question 46

Name the type of cell division during which homologues pair.

Answer 46

Meiosis 1

Question 47

2n --> n describes what type of cell division?

Answer 47

Haploid (Meiosis)

Question 48

When does crossing over occur in Meiosis?

Answer 48

During Prophase 1

Question 49

Why is blood type "O" the universal donor?

Answer 49

Because it posesses antibodies against both A and B antigens

Question 50

What blood type is the universal recipient?

Answer 50

AB