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ethics > midterm (2) > Flashcards

midterm (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

ETHICS

A

THE GENERAL, PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT MAKES THINGS RIGHT OR WRONG/GOOD OR BAD

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2
Q

VALUES

A

ARE SUBJECTIVE, THEY MAKE YOU WHO YOU ARE, AND DON’T MORALLY DETERMINE RIGHT OR WRONG

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3
Q

3 SUBFIELDS OF ETHICS

A

NORMATIVE ETHICS, APPLIED ETHICS, META ETHICS

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4
Q

NORMATIVE ETHICS

A

ETHICAL (MORAL) THEORY, STANDARDS, WHAT MAKES THINGS RIGHT AND WRONG

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5
Q

APPLIED ETHICS

A

APPLYING THE STANDARDS TO REAL LIFE MORAL DILEMMAS

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6
Q

META ETHICS

A

BEYOND MORAL LANGUAGE

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7
Q

RELATIVISM

A

HOW THINGS LOOK DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU ARE, CULTURALLY OR ETHICALLY

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8
Q

ETHICS IS NOT:

A

RELIGION, LAW, CUSTOM, EMOTION, SCIENCE, OR PROFESSIONAL CODES

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9
Q

DEONTOLOGY

A

MORAL BEHAVIOUR BEING ETHICALLY RIGHT

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10
Q

WHY DOES KANT REJECT FOCUS ON CONSEQUENCES? (AGAINST MORAL OUTCOMES)

A

BECAUSE YOU CAN’T CONTROL THE OUTCOME OF YOUR CHOICES AND IF YOU FOCUS ON THE OUTCOME YOU WILL WEAKEN MORALITY

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11
Q

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

A

UNCONDITIONAL MORAL COMMAND (BECAUSE IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO)

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12
Q

DEONTOLOGY: STEP 1

A

FORMULATE A MAXIM (TEST RULE)

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13
Q

DEONTOLOGY: STEP 2

A

TRANSLATE YOUR MAXIM INTO A UNIVERSAL LAW (EVERYONE MUST/EVERYONE MUST NOT)

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14
Q

DEONTOLOGY: STEP 3

A

ASK: COULD EVERYONE ACT THIS WAY

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15
Q

DEONTOLOGY: STEP 4

A

ASK: DOES THIS LAW RESPECT DIGNITY OF ALL

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16
Q

WHAT IS A DOWNFALL OF DEONTOLOGY?

A

SOMETIMES GIVES CONFLICTING OBLIGATIONS

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DEONTOLOGY?

A

CLEAR, DIRECTIVE, AND DEFENDS OUR RIGHTS

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18
Q

W.D. ROSS

A

PLURALISTIC DEONTOLOGY

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19
Q

PRIMA FACIE DUTIES

A

A FIRST LOOK (DECIDE ON MOST IMPORTANT)

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20
Q

PLURALISTIC DEONTOLOGY’S 7 VALUES

A

NON-MALEFICENCE, BENEFICENCE, FIDELITY, REPARATION, GRATITUDE, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, JUSTICE

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21
Q

NON-MALEFICENCE

A

DO NO HARM

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22
Q

BENEFICENCE

A

DO GOOD TO OTHERS

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23
Q

FIDELITY

A

FAITHFULNESS

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24
Q

REPARATION

A

MAKE AMENDS

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25
GRATITUDE
THANKFULNESS
26
SELF-IMPROVEMENT
CHANGE IN ONE'S EFFORTS
27
JUSTICE
FAIRNESS
28
UTILITARIANISM
FINDING THE BEST POSSIBLE ACTION BY TAKING CONSEQUENCES INTO ACCOUNT
29
JEREMY BENTHAM
DO RIGHT FOR THE GREATER GOOD (UTILITARIANISM)
30
JOHN STUART MILL
STRIVE TO PRODUCE THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF HAPPINESS POSSIBLE FOR EVERYONE (REFINER OF UTILITARIANISM)
31
2 INSIGHTS ON UTILITARIANISM
1) TAKING THE CONSEQUENCES OF YOUR ACTIONS INTO ACCOUNT WHEN FACED WITH A MORAL PROBLEM 2) PEOPLE WOULD RATHER BE HAPPY THAN UNHAPPY
32
BENTHAM'S PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
THE ETHICALLY RIGHT ACT IS THE ONE THAT MAXIMIZES OVERALL EXPECTED UTILITY (USEFULNESS)
33
MILL'S PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
THE ETHICALLY RIGHT ACT IS THE ONE THAT LEADS TO THE GREATEST GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER
34
ULTIMATE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
THE ETHICALLY RIGHT ACT IS THE ONE THAT LEADS TO THE BEST POSSIBLE BALANCE OF SATISFACTION OVER SUFFERING FOR THE MOST POSSIBLE PEOPLE
35
WHY ARE WEIGHING CONSEQUENCES SUBJECTIVE?
INCONSISTENT, VARIED, EMOTIONAL, AND TIME-CONSUMING
36
2 TYPES OF UTILITARIANISM
ACT AND RULE
37
ACT UTILITARIANISM (AU)
CONSIDER EACH ACTION SEPARATELY
38
RULE UTILITARIANISM (RU)
CONSIDERATION BASED ON MORAL RULES
39
RULES OF THUMB (FROM KNOWLEDGE)
MORAL GUIDELINES THAT PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY BUT ARE SUBJECTIVE (YOU SHOULD TELL THE TRUTH UNLESS...)
40
ARISTOTLE
VIRTUE ETHICS
41
VIRTUE ETHICS
THEORY OF MORAL CHARACTER
42
VIRTUE
A POSITIVE CHARACTER TRAIT THAT INCLINES A PERSON TO THINK, FEEL, AND ACT IN A MORALLY GOOD WAY
43
5 OF ARISTOTLE'S VIRTUES
HONESTY, LOYALTY, COURAGE, PATIENCE, AND COMPASSION
44
10 STEPS TO A VIRTUOUS LIFE
MAKE VIRTUES A HABIT, EDUCATION, ROLE MODELS, COMMUNITY, LEARN FROM YOUR MISTAKES, OCCUPATION, RELATIONSHIPS, DON'T WORK TOO HARD, YOUR LEGACY, MODERATION IS KEY
45
CAROL GILLIGAN (PSYCHOLOGIST)
THE ETHICS OF CARE (LARGELY RELATED TO FEMINIST ETHICS)
46
ETHICS OF CARE
FEMININE APPROACHES TO MORAL DECISIONS, THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS, NEGOTIATION, AND COMPROMISE (CONTEXTUAL)
47
ETHICS OF JUSTICE
MASCULINE APPROACHES TO MORAL DECISIONS, THROUGH RULES, PROCEDURES, AND PRINCIPLES
48
GILLIGAN'S BELIEFS
THAT OUR DIFFERENCES COME FROM THE WAY WE ARE SOCIALIZED
49
3 FEATURES OF FEMINIST ETHICS
ATTENTIVENESS TO ISSUES OF GROUP IDENTITY/DIFFERENCE, POWER DYNAMICS, AND CONTEXT/RELATEDNESS
50
RELATIONAL ETHICS
SUPPLEMENTS OTHER APPROACHES WITH ATTENTION TO RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR HIERARCHIES
51
4 MAIN THEMES IN RELATIONAL ETHICS
ENVIRONMENT, EMBODIMENT, ENGAGEMENT, AND MUTUAL RESPECT
52
CLAIM RIGHTS
RIGHTS OF RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS OTHERS, WITH POSITIVE =TO DO (PROVIDE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE) AND NEGATIVE =TO REFRAIN (BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY)
53
LIBERTIES
AN UNPROTECTED RIGHT, NO OBLIGATION, FREEDOMS (FREEDOM OF SPEECH)
54
POWERS
A RIGHT THAT CAN BE ASSIGNED TO ANOTHER PERSON (POWER OF ATTORNEY)
55
VOLUNTARY ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL
FULLY AWARE OF DECISION TO ENTER HOSPITAL FOR TREATMENT
56
INVOLUNTARY ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL (COMMITTED)
ADMITTED UNDER THE MENTAL HEALTH ACT WITH NO CHOICE, MUST TAKE MEDICATION/TREATMENT
57
CRITERIA FOR INVOLUNTARY ADMISSION
EVALUATION OF TWO DOCTORS BASED ON AMOUNT OF SUFFERING, TREATMENT NEEDED, AND PROTECTION FOR SELF AND OTHERS
58
SOME EXPECTATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH RIGHTS
THE RIGHT TO - RESPECT HUMAN RIGHTS, MENTAL WELLNESS/RECOVERY PROMOTION, HAVE CONCERNS HEARD, PRIVACY, RELEVANT TREATMENT, BE PART OF THE CARE PLAN WITH EDUCATION/TRAINING, AND ACCESS TO SUPPORT
59
SOME INVOLUNTARY ADMISSION MENTAL HEALTH RIGHTS
THE RIGHT TO - KNOW NAME & LOCATION OF HOSPITAL, REASON FOR ADMISSION, TO SPEAK TO A LAWYER, REVIEW PANEL HEARING, GET SECOND MEDICAL OPINION, AND APPEAL TO SUPREME COURT
60
WHAT IS A FORM 13?
A FORM SIGNED BY PATIENT INDICATING THEY HAVE BEEN NOTIFIED OF THE MENTAL HEALTH ACT RIGHTS
61
DEONTOLOGY VS. UTILITARIANISM
DEONTOLOGY-DUTY-BASED, UNIVERSAL RULES, DO THE RIGHT THING NO MATTER WHAT, STRICT, RULES, ETHICALLY RIGHT, CLEAN OBJECTIVES, GUIDELINES, FOCUS ON MOTIVE/ACTION
62
UTILITARIANISM VS. DEONTOLOGY
UTILITARIANISM-DEPENDS ON GOOD, CONSEQUENCES INTO ACCOUNT, MOST GOOD FOR ALL, PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY, FLEXIBLE, REFERENCE TO MORAL RULES, MAJORITY RULES, FOCUS ON OUTCOME/RESULT

ethics (4 decks)

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