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Psychology 100 > Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Midterm #2 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ foucuses on the psychological factors related to wellness & illness.

A

health psychology

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2
Q

_____ the response to events (stressors) that threaten or challenge.

A

stress

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3
Q

_____ interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties.

A

psychophysiological disorders

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4
Q

Eustress

A
  • positive
  • happy
  • wedding planning
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5
Q

Distress

A
  • negative
  • car accident
  • family member is sick
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6
Q

How is stress related to the immune system functioning?

A

it keeps us healthy

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7
Q

Fight or Flight ( meaning, what is involved physiologically)

A

[sympathetic nervous system] when your body is ready to attack due to suspense. ( how a body reacts to suspense )

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8
Q

Be able to categorize stressors:

A
  1. Castrophes (earthquakes, floods, hurrricanes)
  2. Daily Hassles (waking up, standing in line)
  3. Major Life Events (having a baby, getting married, acceptance letters)
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9
Q

Type “A”

A
  • competitive
  • urgent about time
  • agressive
  • driven regarding their work
  • hostile both verbally & nonverbally
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10
Q

Type “B”

A
  • more cooperative
  • far less competitive
  • not especially time oriented
  • not usually aggressive, driven, hostile.
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11
Q

______ efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate stressors.

A

copying with stress

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12
Q

______ method of managing emotion in the face of stress by seeking to change the way one feels or precieves a problem.

A

emotion focused copying

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13
Q

_____ attempts to modify the stressful problem or source of the stress.

A

problem focused copying

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14
Q

significance of social support?

A

release emotions, make you feel comfortable

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15
Q

what is invisible support?

A

when a person knows your not okay and will help you out without you asking.

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16
Q

How does imagery affect memory?

A

it improves memory; it does this because it is highly detailed & distinctive

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17
Q

What subfield of psychology is memory studied under?

A

under cognitive psychology

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18
Q

what’s the difference between Intrinsic & Extrinsic motivation?

A 
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION (what you do for you)
- motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs as well as curiosity challenge & fun.
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION (what you do for others)
- motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards & punishments.
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19
Q

________ basic needs that need to be met like eating & drinking & going to the restroom.

A

drive reduction theory

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20
Q

real life application of classical conditioning …

A

protecting livestock & predators with tainted carcasses phoblas.

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21
Q

______ rewarding approximations of a desired behavior.

A

shaping

22
Q

_____ the process by which a rewarding stimulus or event ( reinforcer ) following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again.

A

reinforcement

23
Q

________ an increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent removal of something that is unpleasant.

A

negative reinforcement

24
Q

________ an increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent presentation of something that is good.

A

positive reinforcement

25
Q

What Skinner wanted operant conditioning to be used for?

A

important of human kind to help the military during WWII by using pigeons tracking behavior.

26
Q

Who is Sniffy?

A

the rat

27
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS); & know the significance of each stage.

A
  1. Alarm & mobilization stage
    - become aware of the presence of a stress-or
  2. Resistance stage
    - adjust to the situation, adapt & cope
  3. Exhaustion stage
    - negative consequences of prolonged stress can appear.
28
Q

_____ a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing, & hoping.

A

behaviorism

29
Q

________ learning that occurs when we make a certain connection or an association, between two events.

A

associate learning

30
Q

__________ a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.

A

Psych definition of learning

31
Q

__________

  • theory is that behaviorism is the scientific study of human behavior.
  • what people do
  • conditioning is the process of learning to react to the environment.
A

John Watson

32
Q

__________
- theory – believed that the best way to understand behavior to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. (operant conditioning)

A

Skinner

33
Q

________

  • responses associated with satisfaction MORE likely to recur
  • responses associated with discomfort LESS likely to recur
A

Edward Thorndike ( law of effect)

34
Q

_________
- he was able to pair a neutral stimulus with an excitatory one and have the neutral stimulus elicit the response that was associated with the original unlearned reflex.

A

Ivan Pavlov (Russian Physiologist)

35
Q

__________

[modeling & imitation]

  1. attention
  2. retention
  3. reproduction
  4. motivation
A

Albert Bandura

36
Q

Little Albert was conditioned to fear, _______

A

white, soft things.

37
Q

_______ a(n) stimulus that produces a response without prior learning.

A

Unconditional Stimulus (UCS) [ thunder]

38
Q

________ a(n) unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus .

A

Unconditional Response (UCR) [ jump ]

39
Q

________ a previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) [ lighting ]

40
Q

_______ the learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after conditioned stimulus — unconditioned stimulus.

A

Conditioned Response (CR) [ jump ]

41
Q

______ a behavior that is instrumental in producing a reinforcement, or avoiding a punishment.

A

Operant Conditioning

42
Q

_________ organisms that adapt to their environment.

A

evolutionary psychology

43
Q

______

  • a need, a desire, an interest.
  • energizes that maintains behavior
  • diverse behavior towards a goal
A

motivation

44
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

physiological balance; satiation

45
Q

________ physiological needs create psychological states that drive us to reduce those needs; doesn’t explain why we have those needs for necessities.

A

drive reduction theory

46
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs — motivators at each level; order of hierarchy.

A

top:

self-actualization
self-esteem
love & belongingness
safety & security
air, water, food, shelter, sleep, sex

bottom:

47
Q

_________ stresses a positive view of human nature and the strong belief in psychological homeostasis.

A

humanistic psychology

48
Q

_______ needs that take percendence over others

A

the hierarchy

49
Q

3 components of emotion:

A
  1. physiological arousal ( often indistinguishable [ internal ] )
  2. expressive behavior [ when you act upon it ]
  3. conscious experience [ when you think about it ]
50
Q

why is a computer used as the analogy of human information processing?

A

retrieves, gives, stores, encodes

Psychology 100 (2 decks)

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