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BI464 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the spiciness come from in fruits

A

by the chemicals produced by the secretory stissues

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2
Q

T or F spices are also powerful antibiotics

A

T

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3
Q

Who is Makeda Queen of Sheba

A

heard of the wisdom of King solomon of isreal and journeyed there, he gave gift and and everything she desired

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4
Q

What is Myyrh

A

red-brown resin, ancient constituent in perfumes and in science, worth more than it weight in gold

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5
Q

Who was Queen Hatshepsut

A

sent a fleet of five ships on the girls oceanographic cruise to discover myrrh

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6
Q

spices were used as what in egypt

A

aromic body ointments

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7
Q

define embalming

A

dead bodies eviscerated and filled with spices

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8
Q

Black and white pepper is a fruit called a _____

A

drupe

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9
Q

what is the difference between white and black pepper

A

black pepper is entire plant harvested and dried, white pepper is just the pit

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10
Q

pepper is native to where

A

Asia

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11
Q

What does ginger do

A

fights against nausea, is an antioxidant and antinflammatory

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12
Q

The part of the ginger that is used is the _____

A

rhizome

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13
Q

Cinnamon comes from the _____ of the plant

A

bark

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14
Q

cinnamon prevents against what cancer

A

colon cancer

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15
Q

cloves are native to where

A

indonesia

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16
Q

clove oil is used in what

A

stomatology

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17
Q

ancient spice trade routes are called what?

A

Inscence Road

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18
Q

who became to construct the spice route and silk road

A

ottoman empire

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19
Q

who was looking for a spice route and was the first to travel across the globe

A

Magellan

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20
Q

the spice trade lead to what

A

the colonization of the new world

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21
Q

vanila is native to where

A

mexico

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22
Q

what is vanilla used for

A

flavoring, perfume and medicinal

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23
Q

what is the most expensive spice today and why is it so expensive

A

saffron, contains over 150 volatile yeilding compounds and must be collected by hand

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24
Q

saffron has __ stigmas

A

3

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25
the first perfume was used for ____ in ____
religious use in egypt
26
greeks and romans invented perfume using __________
crushed herbs and petals
27
who introduced the process of distillation from flowers
Persian chemist Avicenna
28
Why do flowers smell?
to attract pollinators
29
what is headspace analysis
flower trapped in container, odor molecules sucked into filter
30
what other plants produce caffeine other than coffee,tea,and cocoa
orange tree flowers, cola seeds, gurana seeds
31
who invented coca-cola and how
John Pemberton, extracted caffeine from cola nuts and mixed with sugar and water
32
caffeine has ______ and ______ properties
antifungal and antibiotic
33
caffeine is an _____ which in the right dose has benefical effects
alkaloid
34
what are some pros to caffeine
reduces risk of some cancers and diabetes
35
what are some cons to caffeine
addictive, overdose can result in death
36
coffee is native to where
ethiopia (africa)
37
coffee fruit is a _____
drupe
38
what is the difference between light and dark roast coffee
roasting temp influences the conversion of starch to sugar, light roasts are sweeter
39
T or F: roasting temperature influences caffeine concentration
F
40
T or F: roasting temperature influences release of caffeol
T
41
What is the most expensive coffee in the world
Kopi luwak
42
what is kopi luwak
coffee beans that are eaten and excreted by asian palm civet
43
coffee is an ____ drink
arabian
44
what is a penny university
coffeehouses
45
T or F: coffee trade is the second only after oil trade
T
46
define the tea plant
small tree or shrub with persistent leaves
47
is black tea fermented
yes
48
is green tea fermented
no
49
is oolong tea fermented
partially
50
how is white tea made
not fermented, produced from young leaves
51
how was russian tea mad
using a metal urn
52
who was the first to use lemon in tea
russians
53
when did tea replace coffee in britian
1600s
54
how is tea good for you
reduces the risk of cancer, boosts immune system
55
what kind of fruit is cocoa
a giant berry called a pod
56
cocoa is native to where
mexico and south america
57
what is referred to as 'food of the gods'
cocoa
58
who discovered cocoa to drink
cortez
59
who discovered milk in cocoa
sir hans solane
60
who developed emulsification to make the moden chocolate bar
John cadbury
61
how discovered alcoholic fermentation
gay-lussac
62
what is hte equation for alcoholic fermentation
glucose -> ethanol + co2 + energy
63
where was wine discovered
prehistoric china
64
what kind of fruit is a grape
berry
65
what is viticulture
the science of growing grapes
66
what is oenology
the science of making wine
67
where was the earliest wine making in europe
greeks
68
who developed cultivation using red and white wines
egyptian
69
who is dionysus
greek god of grape harvest and winemaking
70
who is bacchus
roman equivalent of Dionysus
71
What are the steps of winemaking
harvest, crushing, pressing, clarification and aging
72
how are wine grapes harvest based off of
content in sugar
73
when is fermentation done before pressing
in red wine, keeps the skin on to keep the colour
74
what is the fermentation called in the wine making process
malolactic fermentation
75
T or F: wine can become viegar
T by acetic fermentation
76
how is sparkling wine made
by second fermentation to create more co2
77
what are fortified wines
added alcohol to make them stronger
78
brewing beer is another example of ______ _____
convergent evolution
79
T or F: beer can be made by any grain
T
80
the colour of finished beer depends on what?
how the malt is roasted
81
american beer uses ____ as the milled grain
rice
82
german and canadian beer use ____ as the milled grain
wheat
83
what is hops
used in beer to get bitter flavour and as a preservative
84
lager beers use yeast that settles where?
at the bottom
85
ale beer use a yeast that settles where?
at the top
86
sake is ____ beer
rice
87
define distillation
separation of a mixture of substances by their different boiling points
88
what is a distilled spirit
near-boiling wine/beer to separate alochol from water
89
T or F: water has a higher boiling point than alcohol
F
90
Pot still is used for distilling what alochol
whisky and brandy
91
vodka is made from what
potatoo
92
gin is made from what
cane
93
T or F: vodka and gin are unaged spirits
T
94
brandy is distilled from what
wine
95
whiskey is distilled from what
beer
96
tequilla is made from what
blue agave
97
what is the difference between white tequilla and reposando
reposando is aged 3 months
98
what is the other name for absinthe
the green fairy
99
what is absinthe made from
wormwood
100
what are the two fates of a secreted substance
remain deposited inside the tissue or may be released
101
define lacticifer
secrete latex which is released only if the plant is cut or damaged
102
what is an articulated lactifer
composed of a series fo cells joined together
103
what are resin ducts
canals lined with secretory cells that release resin into a canal, present in all organs of the plant
104
what are gum ducts
similar to resin ducts and may contain resins, oils and gums
105
what is apiceae
well known aromatic cavities, characterized by secretory cavities, ex. celery and carrots
106
alkaloids contain _____
nitrogen
107
what are glycosides
have a sugar molecule attached to active component
108
what re tannins
bind and precipitate proteins

BI464 (3 decks)

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