Midterm 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the major groups of vascular plants?
A
ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms
2
Q
______ has spores
A
ferns
3
Q
gymnosperms have _____ ovules
A
naked
4
Q
what are some general characteristics of gymnosperms?
A
woody plants, leaves are fan like, scale like or needle like, flowers unisexual with no perianth, arranged in cones,
5
Q
do gymnosperms have fruit?
A
no
6
Q
name the seed plants of gymnosperms (4)
A
- cycadales
- Ginkgoales
- Coniferales
- Gnetales
7
Q
gymnosperms and angiosperms are ______ plants
A
seed
8
Q
describe cycadales, cycadacea
A
diocious
genus: Cycas; Cicircinalis
9
Q
describe the Gynko; Ginkgoaceae
A
G.biloba
- fan like leaves, dioecious, seeds bad smelling outer coat, and hard inner coat, trees have no resin canals
10
Q
maidenhair tree
A
Ginko biloba
11
Q
the ginkgo tree is the only relative of the order ginkgoes? (t/f)
A
t
12
Q
why is the ginkgo a scared tree?
A
symbol of unity of opposites, eternity and longevity, bearer of hope, symbol of love, protector against fire, because of all its properties associated with longevity
13
Q
name medicinal uses of the gingko tree?
A
- improves blood flow
- protects against oxidative cell damage from free radicals (antioxidant)
- blocks effects of PAE (blood clotting)
- all have been involved in the development of cardiovascular, renal and respiratory and CNS disorders
14
Q
The gingko tree is also ornamental in urban areas, why?
A
resistant to pollution, leaves turn yellow in falll
15
Q
the coniferales include?
A
- pinaceae
- cupressaceae
- taxaceae
16
Q
Taxaceae
A
Yews
17
Q
describe taxaceae
A
yews, no resin canals, needle like persistent leaves, small cones (m), naked ovules (f), plant is toxic besides the fleshy red part of seeds which are dispersed by birds
18
Q
taxus canadensis
A
canada yew, shrub in swampy forests, browsed by deer
19
Q
the pacific yew: taxis brevifolia are the sources of what drug against cancer?
A
taxol
20
Q
the harvesting of taxol has lead the pacific yew to become an ________ species
A
endangered
21
Q
the Canada yew contains ________
A
paclitaxel
22
Q
describe cupressaceae
A
- shrubs and trees with resin glands
- leaves variable, opposite or needle like
- monoecious or dioecious
- male flowers in small cones and female cones with few flowers
23
Q
describe thuja
A
sometimes shrubs when young, leaves scale like and opposite, monoecious, female cones have a few pairs of opposite scales
24
Q
________ is widely use for the treatment of the common cold and its efficacy as an adjuvant to standard antibiotic treatmentt to severe bacterial infections
A
thuja
25
thuja contains ______ which is poisonous and dosage is important
thujone
26
describe juniperus
trees or shrubs, scale like and needle like on same plant, dioceses, female cones, berry like carpels (NOT A FRUIT)
27
J.communis has only ________ like leaves and is a _____
needle like (common juniper) and is a shrub
28
J.Virginiana has both ______ and ________ leaves and is a _______
needle and scale like leaves
| - eastern red cedar (tree)
29
describe taxodium
tree with pneumatophores, needle like leaves, monoecious, female cones are spherical
30
T.distichum
Baldcypress
31
describe the sequoia
giant leaves, leaves needle like and persistent, monoecious,
32
S.Sempervirens
Sequoia
33
```
Name the following genera of pines:
Pinus is ______
Larix is ______
Abies is ______
Picea is _______
Tsuga is _________
Pseudotsuga Is _______
```
```
pines
Larch
fir
spruce
hemlock
Douglas fir
```
34
the resin canal in pinnace is located where?
xylem
35
describe some characteristics of pinaceae
- rarely shrubs, usually trees
- leaves needle like, solitary or grouped
- monoecious
- female cones usually with numerous carpelar scales
36
_________ are dominant in the boreal forest
pinaceae
37
Pinus (Pines),Larix (Larch) have _____ to ______ leaves in fascicles
2 to numerous
38
Abies (Fir), Picea (Spruce), Tsuga (Hemlock), Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir) have _______ leaves
solitary
39
describe some characteristics of pinus
trees, leaves 2, 3 or 5 in fascicle, female cones mature after 2 seasons
40
this pine tree has 5 leaves in fascicles
P.strobus
41
these pine trees have 2 leaves in fascicles
P.banksiana
P.resinosa
P.sylvestris
42
what tree has been the most valuable softwood lumber in E N America?
Pinus Strobus
43
this species has cones which are curved and do not open for many years, and the bark is greyish? (adapted to fire)
P.banksiana (jack pine)
44
Which tree has cones which are straight and open at maturity, break is reddish brown? (curved and highly persistent cones)
P.resinosa and p.sylvestris
45
which trees has cones straight and open at maturity?
P.resinosa the red pine
| P.sylvestris the Scots pine
46
describe larix
larch, 1 species in Canada, 10-60 leaves in fascicle, tree
47
Larix larcinia
tamarack eastern larch, very adaptable species, commonly found in bogs, fens, survive very low temps (-65)
48
Abies
Fir,canada balsam fir, leaves solitary, persistent, , female cones big, commercially grown as a Christmas tree
49
what was the resin of rabies used for?
canada balsam, used as a cold remedy, and glue for glasses etc, high ascorbic acid content
50
Picea
spruce, tree, bracts accompanying scales very small
51
picea glauca
white spruce, climax canopy in the boreal forests of canada and alaska
52
Tsuga
Hemlock
53
The tsuga canadensis has leaves which are _____
eastern hemlock leaves which are serrate
54
Psudotsuga menziesii
Douglas fir, bracts accompanying scales long and 3 lobed, native to W N America, when crushed leaves have a citrus smell
55
gentiles, ephedaceae, ephedra are ______
gymnosperms
56
gymnosperms
medium shrub, appears to have no leaves, leafless branches with conspicuous nodes, small scale like leaves and tiny flowers of male and female flowers which bloom February through april
57
Ephedra
weight loss and diet supplement (shrub)
58
ephedra is both a ______ and ________
stimulant and thermogenic, increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels increasing blood pressure , cause increased metabolism
59
Welwitschia mirabilis
Namibia desert, seldom and found 100-150km from coast, over 500-600 years old, not endangered Or rare, lifespan of 400-1500 years old
60
Nymphaeaceae
Lillies, aquatic perennial herbs, leaves large alternate and round, flowers solitary
61
Genus Nyphaea has what colour flowers?
white or purple
62
genus nuphar has what colour flower?
yellow
63
N.Ordata
water lilly
64
N.variegata
yellow pond Lilly
65
how do water Lillies pollinate?
traps insects in their flower, after a few days it is pollinated
66
Nelumbo
Lotus
67
what is the importance of Nelumbo nucifera ?
sacred plant of hinduism and buddhism and of the ancient Egyptian civilization (Lotus) and also used in asian cuisine
68
Magnoliids include:
Piperales, canailles, magnoliales, laurales
69
describe Magnoliales
trees and shrubs, leaves alternate and simple
70
L. tulipifera
tulip tree,
71
m.acuminata
cucumber tree
72
name two ornamental magnolias
magnolia soulageant
| magnolia stellata
73
what are monocotyledons?
seedlings with one cotyledon, numerous vascular bundles in the stems, leaves with parallel venation, flowers 3-merous
74
monocotyledons include:
Lillies, orchids, palms, grasses and their relatives
75
edicts are _____ flowering plants
most
76
nymphaeceae are ____ _____ and their relatives
water Lillies
77
monocotyledons include alismatanae which include:
Butomaceae, alismataceae, Juncaginaceae, potamogetonaceae
78
Alismatanae are _____ plants
aquatic
79
butomus umbellatus is
flowering rush
80
Alisma and sagittaria belong to?
alismataceae
81
Alisma
water plantain
82
Sagittaria
arrowhead
83
Juncaginaceae/juncus
rush
84
juncus has ______ _______ in the stem
air channels
85
monocotyledons include aranae which inlcudes
araceae
86
Aracea are
herbs, inflorescence is a spadix, flowers are extremely small usually unisexual, have fruit which is a berry
87
Arisaema: A.triphyllum
jack in the pulpit
88
Symplocarpus: S.foetidus
skunk cabbage
89
Liliales includes:
liliaceae and Trilliaceae
90
Genera lilium
lillies
91
genera Tulipa
tulips
92
Liliaceae
herbs with bulbs
93
Lilium
canadian lily
94
Tulipia
tulip
95
Tulipomania was what?
tulips causes the first stock market crush in Netherlands, everyone was trading bulbs
96
Trilliaceae
trillium
97
T.grandilforum
white trillium
98
T.erectum
purple trilium
99
Trilliaceae
herbs with rhizomes
100
Monocotyledons include Asparagales which includes:
Agavaceae
Alliaceae
Iridaceae
Orchidaceae
101
from the genus Agave the A.americana is
century plant
102
Agavaceae
herbs with rhizomes, monocarpic
103
______ ________ is often the most encounterd as a weed in the mediteranian
Agave americana
104
blue agave
tequila agave, base ingredient for tequilla
105
Aliaceae- Allium includes
onion, garlic, chives and leek
106
Allium are
herbs with bulbs , the inflorescence is umbel and fruit are in capsules
107
Allium trioccum
wild leek, wild Ramp
108
Allium cepa
onion
109
Allium sativum
garlic
110
I.versicolor
northern blue flag
111
Iridaceae
genus iris, herbs with corms, rhizomes, grows on pond edges etc.
112
orchidaceae
herbs with rhizomes, corms or tubers
113
what does orchidacea depend on to form either rhizomes, tubers or corms?
depends on mychorrizal associations with fungi
114
the amazing flower diversity of orchids is the result of the __________ with ___________
coevolution with different pollinators
115
cypripedium
lady slipper
116
C. parviflorum
yellow lady slipper
117
C.acaulis
showy lady slipper
118
Pogonia (P.ophioglossoides)
label ovate and fringed
| snake mouth
119
listera (L.cordata)
label 2 lobed
| Heart leaf twayblade
120
monocotyledons include arcanaewich include:
palm trees and families
121
Monocotyledons include singiberanae which include:
bananas, gingers and families
122
Monocotyledons include commelinanae which include:
cyperaceae and poaceae
123
poaceae
grasses
124
Cyperaceae
care - sedges, grass like herbs that grow in wet codnitions
125
sedges are usually from where?
large wetland communtiies
126
Poacea
650 genera, cereal crops food and sugar, ornamentals, building materials, source of matting
127
what are some major grass grain crops?
wheat, corm, rice, barley, oats
128
___________ ___________ exhibit seasonal drought, occasional fires and are usually used for grazing and agriculture
Temperate grasslands
129
_______ are grasslands with scattered trees, that show distinct seasons, particularly wet and dry
savannas
130
tropical bamboos are___
herbs
131
tropical bamboos have ______ roots and a stem which is a _____
fibrous , culm
132
culm
stem with swollen nodes and empty internodes
133
flowers of grasses are typically embraced by a pair of ______ called the _______ and _______
bracts called lemma and palea
134
the unit of grass inflorescence is a spike called ________
spikelet
135
grasses have what pollination adaptations
wind pollination with hanging stamens and feathery stigmas
136
tritium aestivum
wheat
137
coryza sativa
rice
138
zea mays
corn (female infourescence)
139
grasses are ________ , rushes are _______, sedges are _________
poaceae, juncaceae, cyperaceae
140
the fruit of grasses ________________
caryopsis
141
sedges have ______, rushes are ______ and grasses have _______
edges, round, knees
142
Ranunculales are from
eudicots
143
Papaveraceae and ranunculaceae are from
ranunculales
144
Papaveraceae
poppy family
145
ranunculaceae
buttercup family
146
papaveraceae
herbs with milky or coloured latex
147
papaver
poppy
148
papaver somniferum
opium poppy
149
sanguinaria has one species: S.canadensis
bloodroot
150
eudicots
- seedlings with 2 cotyledons
- vascular bundles arranged on one circle in the stems
- pinnate or palmate venation
151
what are some usually toxic plants with alkaloids
ranunculaceae
152
ranunculaceae are usually _____ ______ with _______
toxic plants with alkaloids
153
aggregate fruits of achenes include :
ranunculus, anemone, thalicrum
154
aggregate fruits of follicles are :
caltha, aquilegia, aconitum
155
ranunculus
buttercup. herb
156
r.acris
meadow buttercup
157
anemone
aggregate of achenes
158
A canadensis
canada anemone, white flowers
159
anemone coronaria
ornamental
160
Caltha: C.palustris
marsh merigold
161
Thalictrum: T.dioicum
Early meadow rue, herb
162
Aquilegia
Columbine
163
Aconitum
Aconite, monks hood, wolfsbane, some of the most poisonous plants int the world,
164
aconite is a _______
poison, deadly
165
what happened to Andre noble
died of anointine poisoning after accidentally injecting a monkshood species
166
Fagales, currurbitales, rosales, fatales, brassicales, maléales, sapinadales are from:
rosids
167
Fagales
mostly woody plants, unisexual flowers, with sepalled tepals and an inferior ovary
168
fagaceae
beech or oak family, trees and shrubs
169
betulaceae
rich family
170
juglandaceae
walnut family
171
Fagaceae, betulaceae and juglandaceae are from:
fagales
172
Q. ruba
red oak
173
fagus
beech
174
castanea
chesnut
175
castanea dentata
american chestnut
176
what is cryphonectria?
chestnut blight
177
Betula
birch
178
Betula papyrifera
white paper birch
179
corylus
hazelnut
180
corylus americana
american hazelnut
181
Juglandaceae
tree and shrubs, fruit is drupe like
182
Juglans
walnuts
183
jugulars nigra
black walnut
184
jugulars cinerea
butternut
185
carya
hickories
186
carry laciniosa
shellback hickroy
