Midterm 2 - Chapter 6

Question 1

Transactional Theory of Stress

Answer 1

Explains how stressful demands are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to perceptions of appraisals

Question 2

Primary Appraisal

Answer 2

Evaluation significance and meaning of stressor they’re confronting

Question 3

Benign Job Demands

Answer 3

Job demands that are not appraised as being stressful

Question 4

Hindrance Stressors

Answer 4

Stressors that tend to be appraised as preventing progress toward growth and achievement. Often trigger negative emotions

Question 5

Challenge Stressors

Answer 5

Stressors that tend to be appraised as opportunities for growth and achievement

Question 6

Work Hindrance Stressors - Role Conflict

Answer 6

Conflicting expectations that other people may have of us

Question 7

Work Hindrance Stressors - Role Ambiguity

Answer 7

Lack of information about what needs to be done in a role. Prevalent

Question 8

Work Hindrance Stressors - Daily Hassles

Answer 8

Minor day to day demands that interfere with work accomplishment

Question 9

Work Challenge Stressors - Time Pressure

Answer 9

Sense that amount of time you have to do a job is not enough

Question 10

Work Challenge Stressors - Work Complexity

Answer 10

Degree to which requirements of the work exceed the person’s capabilities

Question 11

Work Challenge Stressors - Work Responsibility

Answer 11

Obligations an employee has to others

Question 12

Non-Work Hindrance Stressors - Work-Family Conflict

Answer 12

Demands of work hinder fulfillment of demands of family role

Question 13

Non-Work Hindrance Stressors - Negative Life Events

Answer 13

Events such as divorce, or death of family member that tend to be appraised as a hindrance

Question 14

Non-Work Hindrance Stressors - Financial Uncertainty

Answer 14

Uncertainty with regard to loss of livelihood, savings, or ability to pay expenses

Question 15

Non-Work Challenge Stressors - Family Time Demands

Answer 15

The time a person must devote to family activities and responsibilities

Question 16

Non-Work Challenge Stressors - Personal Development

Answer 16

Participation in activities outside of work that foster growth and learning

Question 17

Non-Work Challenge Stressors - Positive Life Events

Answer 17

Stressful in their own way even though associated with positive emotions

Question 18

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 18

When people determine how to cope with various stressors they face

Question 19

Coping

Answer 19

Behaviours and thoughts people use to manage both stressful demands and emotions associated with them. People likely to choose coping strategy they believe has the highest likelihood of meeting demand they face and gives them control over stressor

Question 20

Behaviour Coping

Answer 20

Physical activities used to deal with stressful situation

Question 21

Cognitive Coping

Answer 21

Thoughts used to deal with stressful situation

Question 22

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 22

Behaviours and cognitions of an individual intended to manage the stressful situation itself

Question 23

Emotion-Focused Coping

Answer 23

Behaviours and cognitions intended to help manage emotional reactions to stressful demands

Question 24

Physiological Strains

Answer 24

Reactions from stressors that harm human bodu

Question 25

Psychological Strains

Answer 25

Negative reactions from stressors

Question 26

Behavioural Strains

Answer 26

Patterns of negative behaviours associated with other strains

Question 27

Type A behaviour Pattern

Answer 27

Experience more stressors; Appraise more demands as stressful; Prone to experiencing more strains than others; Receive rewards in the form of increases in the amount and level of work required - more aggressive and competitive

Question 28

Social Support

Answer 28

Help that people receive from others when confronted with stressful demands. Instrumental support - help people receive that can be used to address stressful demand directly

Question 29

Hindrance Stressors on Job Performance

Answer 29

Weak negative correlation; Higher hindrance stressor = lower task performance; Reduce overall physical, cognitive and emotional energy

Question 30

Hindrance Stressors on Organizational Commitment

Answer 30

Strong negative correlation; Higher hindrance stressor, lower affective commitment and normative commitment, weak correlation with continuance commitment

Question 31

Challenge Stressors on Job Performance

Answer 31

Weak positive correlation; high challenge stressor = high task performance; trigger positive emotions and problem focused coping strategies

Question 32

Challenge Stressors on Organizational Commitment

Answer 32

Moderate positive correlation; Higher challenge stressors = higher affective commitment and normative commitment, weaker continuance commitment

Question 33

Stress Audit

Answer 33

Assessment of sources of stress in workplace

Question 34

Job Sharing

Answer 34

Two people sharing responsibilities of a single job; most appropriate in lower level jobs

Question 35

Employee Sabbaticals

Answer 35

Time off work to engage in alternative activity; employee likely to experience same level of stress upon returning

Question 36

Providing Resources

Answer 36

Likely to be most beneficial when focus of effort is on hindrance stressors rather than challenge stressors

Question 37

Training Interventions

Answer 37

Practices that increase employee's competencies and skills

Question 38

Supportive Practices

Answer 38

Ways in which organizations help employees manage and balance their demands; include: offering flexible hours, communicate expectations, encourage staff to stay home with sick family members

Question 39

Relaxation Techniques

Answer 39

Progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, and calming activities. Teach people how to counteract effects of stressors by engaging

Question 40

Cognitive Behavioural Techniques

Answer 40

Help worker cope with life's stressor in rational manner; Self-Talk - People learn to say things about stressful demands that reflect rationality and optimism; tools for effective coping

Question 41

Health and Wellness Programs

Answer 41

Employee assistance programs that help workers with personal problems such as alcoholism and other addictions; improve employee health