Midterm - Chapter 8

Question 1

Disposition Based Trust

Answer 1

Trust that is rooted in one’s own personality as opposed to a careful assessment of the trustee’s trustworthiness

Question 2

Cognition Based Trust

Answer 2

Trust that is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority’s trustworthiness. Only 20% workers see managers matching words to actions

Question 3

Affect Based Trust

Answer 3

Trust that depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment or trustworthiness. Acts as a supplement for other trusts

Question 4

Trust Propensity

Answer 4

A general expectation that the words, promises and statements of individuals can be relied upon. High levels in Canada

Question 5

Benevolence

Answer 5

The belief that an authority wants to do good for an employee, apart form any selfish or profit-centered motives

Question 6

Distributive Justice

Answer 6

The perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes. Proper norms = equity; equity norm = fairest choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize productivity; Team based work = harmony and solidarity just as important as individual productivity; Equality norm

Question 7

Procedural Justice

Answer 7

The perceived fairness of the decision making process. One rule = voice (giving employees chance to express opinions and views in decision making); Another rule = correctability (gives employees chance to request appeal when procedure seems to have worked ineffectively. More important when outcomes are bad. Stronger driver of reactions than Distributive Justice

Question 8

4 Rules for neutral and objective procedures

Answer 8

Consistency, bias suppression, representatives, accuracy. Rules critical to ensure non-relevant demographic characteristics do not cause bias

Question 9

Interpersonal Justice

Answer 9

The perceived fairness of the interpersonal received by employees from authorities. Fostered when authorities adhere to respect rule and propriety rule. More positive reactions than negative but negative reactions stronger. Violation reduces job and life satisfaction, increases depression, anxiety and burnout

Question 10

Respect Rule

Answer 10

Whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner

Question 11

Propriety Rule

Answer 11

Whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks

Question 12

Informational Justice

Answer 12

The perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities. Fostered when authorities adhere to justification rule and truthfulness rule. Low levels can be bad for company if wrongful termination is filed, high levels are worth it from cost savings perspective

Question 13

Justification Rule

Answer 13

Mandates that authorities explain decision making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner

Question 14

Truthfulness Rule

Answer 14

Requires communications to be honest and candid

Question 15

Ethics

Answer 15

Seeks to explain why people behave in a manner consistent with generally accepted norms of morality, and why they sometimes violate those norms. Ethical behaviours result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, moral judgement, moral intent and ethical behaviour

Question 16

Moral Awareness

Answer 16

When an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation. Depends on the characteristics of the authority involved.

Question 17

Ethical Sensitivity

Answer 17

The ability to recognize that a decision has ethical content

Question 18

Moral Intensity

Answer 18

The degree to which an issue has ethical urgency. 6 factors: 1. magnitude of consequences 2. social consensus 3. probability of effect 4. temporal immediacy 5. proximity 6. concentration of effect
High moral intensity = magnitude of consequences high, strong social consensus, high probability act and effects will take place, consequences will occur soon, decision makers are close to affected people, consequences will be far reaching

Question 19

Moral Judgement

Answer 19

When an authority can accurately identify the right course of action.

Question 20

Kohlber’s Theory of cognitive model development

Answer 20

As people age and mature, they move through several states of moral development, each more mature and sophisticated than the prior one. 1. avoid punishment 2. maintain exchange relationships 3. earn approval of others 4. follow rules and laws 5. protect individual rights 6. follow universal principles

Question 21

Ethical Ideologies

Answer 21

Principles used by individuals during ethical decision making

Question 22

Relativism

Answer 22

The view that there are no universal moral rules (adopted by people in stage 5)

Question 23

Utilitarianism

Answer 23

The view that ethical actions are defined as those that achieve the most valuable ends (adopted by people in stage 5)

Question 24

Idealism

Answer 24

Embracing the notion of universal moral rules (adopted in stage 6)

Question 25

Formalism

Answer 25

The view that ethical actions are defined using a set of guiding principles

Question 26

Moral Intent

Answer 26

An authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action. Driver = moral identity (the degree to which a person views themselves as a moral person). Strong moral identity = more ethical behaviours.

Question 27

Importance of Trust

Answer 27

Trust does not affect job performance. Moderately correlated with task performance. Strongly correlated to organizational behaviour. Influences citizenship behaviour and counterproductive behaviour. Willingness to accept vulnerability changes nature of employee-employer relationship

Question 28

Economic Exchange

Answer 28

Work relationships that resemble a contractual agreement by which employees fulfill job duties in exchange for financial compensation; formed by employees who dont trust their authorities

Question 29

Social Exchange

Answer 29

Work relationships that are characterized by mutual investment with employees willing to engage in citizenship behaviours because they trust that their efforts will eventually be rewarded

Question 30

Corporate Social Responsibility

Answer 30

A perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society. Legal component - law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must be followed. Ethical component - organizations have an obligation to do what is right, just, fair and avoid harm. Citizenship component - organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the communities in which they work