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MICROPARA (DOC) > MIDTERM 2 - Staphylococcus > Flashcards

MIDTERM 2 - Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

most important & most commonly encountered organism in medical practice

A

Genus Staphylococcus

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2
Q

used to distinguish among Gram-positive cocci

A

Catalase Test

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2
Q

ubiquitous human parasite

A

Genus Staphylococcus

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2
Q

genus Staphylococcus is catalase-_______-

A

catalase-positive

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2
Q

30 – 50% colonize skin & mucous membrane of healthy adult & children

A

Genus Staphylococcus

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2
Q

all pathogenic strains of S. aureus are coagulase _____; whereas nonpathogenic species are coagulase _______

A

pathogenic= positive
nonpathogenic= negative

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2
Q

genus Streptococcus is catalase-_______

A

catalase-negative

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2
Q

enzymes that clot blood by a mechanism that is similar to normal clotting

A

Coagulase Test

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2
Q

also known as clumping factor

A

bound coagulase - Slide Test

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2
Q

lead to fibrin formation around bacteria, protecting it from phagocytosis

A

Coagulase

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2
Q

used to distinguish between pathogenic and nonpathogenic members of the genus
Staphylococcus

A

Coagulase Test

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2
Q

cross-links of fibrinogen in plasma to form fibrin clot that deposits on the cell wall

A

bound coagulase - Slide Test

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2
Q

individual coccus stick to each other and clumping is observed

A

bound coagulase - Slide Test

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2
Q

secreted form of beta lactamase; disrupts the beta-lactam portion of penicillin molecule, thereby inactivating the antibiotic

A

Penicillinase

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2
Q

________ are peptides that are mostly secreted by Gram-positive bacteria.

A

Exotoxins

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2
Q

= major protein component of cell wall
= major antigenic determinant unique to S. aureus
= protect organism from opsonization and phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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3
Q

_______ are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and is secreted by Gram-negative bacteria

A

Endotoxins

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3
Q

_____ is an extracellular enzyme

A

free coagulase

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3
Q

Proteins that Disable Host Immune Defenses

A

Coagulase & Protein A

3
Q

______ secreted by S.aureus reacts with coagulase reacting factor (CRF) in plasma to form thrombin; converts fibrinogen to fibrin resulting in clotting of plasma

A

free coagulase

3
Q

= gram + cocci
= arranged in grape-like clusters
= nonmotile, noncapsulated (mutant strain have capsule & more pathogenic)
= produce lipochrome →golden yellow colonies on blood agar

A

Staphylococcus aureus

3
Q

usually affects neonates with local infection of
recently severed umbilicus or older children with skin
infections.

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

3
Q

also called transpeptidase; necessary for cell wall peptidoglycan formation and is inhibited by penicillin

A

Penicillin binding protein

3
Q

diffuse erythematous skin rashes involving entire
body with sloughing off epidermal layer of skin; healing is rapid and mortality low

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

3
Q

protein that breaks down proteoglycans in connective tissue

A

Hyaluronidase (“Spreading Factor”)

3
Q

S. aureus establishes a local infection and releases
Exfoliatin toxin that exerts distant effects

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

3
Q

enzyme which degrades fats and oils that often accumulate on the surface of our body. This degradation facilitates Staphylococcus aureus’ colonization of sebaceous glands

A

Lipase

3
Q

protein that lyses formed fibrin clots

A

Staphylokinase

3
Q

destroys tissue proteins

A

Protease

3
Q

anti-phagocyti; damage cell membrane of neutrophil & macrophages causing them to lyze; probably help incapacitate the phagocytic line of defense of the host

A

Leucocidin

3
Q

no hemolysis; no zones around the colonies

A

gamma | δ

3
Q

produce incomplete hemolysis in blood agar; colonies surrounded by a green, opaque zone

A

alpha | α

3
Q

causes skin to slough off
(scalded skin syndrome)

A

Exfoliatin | epidermolytic

4
Q

produce complete hemolysis in blood agar; clear (transparent) zone surrounding the
colonies

A

beta | β

4
Q

cause food poisoning, resulting in vomiting & diarrhea

A

Enterotoxins (heat stable)

4
Q

causes toxic shock syndrome; pyrogenic toxins called superantigens and bind to
antigen presenting cells (such as macrophages) causing a massive T cell response and outpouring of cytokines, resulting in the toxic shock syndrome

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

4
Q

____ is a collection of pus

A

abscess

4
Q

deeper infection; tissue becomes hot, red, shiny and
swollen

A

Cellulitis

4
Q

2nd leading cause of UTI in sexually active young women

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

4
Q

S. aureus in food produces ________ not inactivated by cooking

A

Pre-formed, heat resistant toxin

4
Q

penetrates vaginal mucosa & is a potent stimulator of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) & interleukin-1

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

4
Q

contagious, occurs on the face honey-colored & wet

A

Impetigo

4
Q

_____ is an infection deep into the subcutaneous tissue

A

furuncle

5
Q

______ are multiple contiguous, painful lesions
communicating under the skin

A

carbuncles

6
Q

most commonly acquired by females (95%) in the
community (NOT in the hospital)

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

7
Q

white colonies on blood agar; nosocomial & opportunistic infections

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

8
Q

compromised hospital patients with Foley catheters or IV
lines can become infected; frequent skin contaminant of blood cultures

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

MICROPARA (DOC) (9 decks)

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