Midterm

Question 0

Z(eff) = z-s

What are these constants?

Answer 0

Z(eff) : effective nuclear charge
Z: nuclear charge
S: screening constant

Question 1

What is the effective nuclear charge?

Answer 1

Can estimate the attractive forces between any electron and the nucleus.

Question 2

Van der walls radius

Answer 2

The shortest distance separating 2 nuclei during a collision is twice their atomic radius. (D=2r)

Question 3

Bonding/covalent radius

Answer 3

Shorter than a van der walls radius. When two atoms are bonded the attractive interactions of the bond bring them closer together.

Question 4

The size of an ion depends on what 3 factors?

Answer 4

• it’s nuclear charge
• the # of electrons it possesses
• the orbitals of its valence electrons

Question 5

Cations ___ parent atom __ anions

State the size correlation

Answer 5

Cat<anions

Question 6

Why are cations smaller the their parent atoms?

Answer 6

Electrons removed from the outermost occupied orbital increases electron-electron repulsion.

Question 7

Why are anions larger than their parent atoms?

Answer 7

Electrons added other outermost occupied orbital increases electron-electron repulsion

Question 8

What is an isoelectronic series?

Answer 8

A group that all have the same number of electrons. Ie:

O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+

Question 9

Ionization energy

Answer 9

The minimum energy requires to remove an electron from the ground state of an isolated gaseous atom/ion

Question 10

First ionization energy:

Answer 10

The energy needed to remove the first electron from a neutral atom

Question 11

Second ionization energy

Answer 11

The energy needed to remove the second electron

Question 12

The ________ the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to remove an electron

Answer 12

Greater

Question 13

Ionization energy increases with..

Answer 13

Successive removal of electrons

Question 14

The attractive force btwn an electron and nucleus depends on:

Answer 14

• The MAGNITUDE of the charge

- the DISTANCE between them

Question 15

In which ways can you define atomic size?

Answer 15

• van der walls

- bonding/covalent radius

Question 16

Which atom is the smallest in size?

Answer 16

Helium

Question 17

Dipole movement

Answer 17

When 2 atoms share atoms unequally.

Symbol: mu

Question 18

What direction does electro negativity increase on a periodic table?

Answer 18

Bottom left to top right

Question 19

Ionic bonding _____ electrons, and are ____thermic.

Answer 19

Transfer. Exothermic

Question 20

Which elements are exceptions to the usually electronic structure?

Answer 20

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au

Question 21

Explain formal charges

Answer 21

valence electrons in an isolated atom minus the #electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure

Question 22

Resonance

Answer 22

2 or more Lewis structures are equally good descriptions of a single molecules. Nectarine.

Question 23

Why do noble gases have a sable electron configuration?

Answer 23

• high ionization rate
• low electron affinity
• general lack of reactivity

Question 24

What is the cause if lattice formation?

Answer 24

As ions are drawn together by attraction of opposite charges, the ions release energy which causes them to form a lattice.

Question 25

Attractiveness of electrons to nucleus. What is this term?

Answer 25

Nuclear charge

Question 26

Describe the ionization energy trend.

Answer 26

The greater the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to remove the electron

Question 27

Size of an atom depends on (3)

Answer 27

- nuclear charge - # of electrons - orbitals of its valence electrons

Question 28

3 names of the boys who got the periodic table rolling

Answer 28

Mendeleev Meyer Moseley

Question 29

Hund's rule

Answer 29

For degenerate orbitals, the lowest energy is attained by having the max # electrons with the same spin

Question 30

Name the six PT trend diagrams. The write them out.

Answer 30

- atomic radius/size - valence electrons (charge) - metallic characteristics - electro negativity - electron affinity - ionization

Question 31

What is the calculation to find the energy if a photon?

Answer 31

E=hv