midterm1

Question 1

3 ways in which 1s electrons differ from 2s electrons, and one similarity

Answer 1

• energy. 1s has less than 2s
• distance of electrons from nucleus, therefore size
• 2s has one node, whereas 1s has none
• both sperical

Question 2

reasons why noble gases have a very stable electron configuration

Answer 2

• high ionization energy
• low electron affinity
• lack of reactivity

Question 3

name the type of bonding that is exothermic/endothermic

Answer 3

exo= ionic (gaining an electron)
endo= loss of an ion

Question 4

what is the main reason why ionic compounds are stable?

Answer 4

the attraction between ions of opposite charge.

This attraction draws ions together, releasing energy and forms lattice.

Question 5

Lattice energy:

Answer 5

The energy required to completely separate a mole of solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions

Question 6

what does the magnitude of lattice energy depend on?

Answer 6

• charges
• size
• arrangement of ions in the solid

Question 7

What two things increase lattice energy?

Answer 7

the charge of the ions

the decreasing size of atoms

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

a pair of electrons shared equally between two atoms

Question 9

Bond Polarity

Answer 9

a measure of electron sharing in a covalent bond

Question 10

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 10

one of the atoms attracts electrons more than the other

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

how strongly an atom attracts shared electrons

Question 12

how is the polarity of the bond affected with the greater the difference in electronegativity?

Answer 12

it increases the polarity of the bond

Question 13

bond dipole

Answer 13

when two atoms share electrons unequally

Question 14

dipole moment

Answer 14

produced by two equal but opposite charges separated by a distance.