Midterm

Question 1

Where was the first permanent settlement in the new world?

Answer 1

Jamestown, Virginia

Question 2

What was main motivation for migration to the new world?

Answer 2

Religion, adventure

Question 3

The two things that sustained the pilgrims through hardship was their will to succeed and their confidence……..

Answer 3

In god’s providential care

Question 4

During the seventeenth century, the meaning of the term Puritan broadened to include virtually all English Protestants who did not support the Church of England

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What were the causes of Puritanism’s decline?

Answer 5

With natural prosperity had come worldly interests and goals. Secular values were replacing religious ones. As a result, church membership had fallen

Question 6

The halfway covenant

Answer 6

Attempted to build up church membership

Question 7

Deism maintained that the solution to man’s problems lies in human reason rather than in the supernatural revelation of the bible

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What were three things the deist a believed?

Answer 8

1. God created us and is all powerful but doesn’t intervene in man’s affairs
2. Man gets better through education
3. Man is not flawed, through works we will please God

Question 9

What had to occur before a distinctly American literature could exist?

Answer 9

Dependence on English literature had to be abandoned

Question 10

Because colonial literature naturally reflected the interests and concerns of its writers, it is not surprising that the earliest author wrote mostly about…….

Answer 10

Adversity

Question 11

Once the colonists had established permanent settlement, the subject matter of literature predominantly concerned……..

Answer 11

Religion

Question 12

Toward the end of the eighteenth century, most writers………..

Answer 12

Presented a secular view of life

Question 13

In arguing for the worthiness of colonization, smith lists responsibilities to four powers from most to least important. Which order is correct?

Answer 13

God, King, country, ourselves

Question 14

Bradford began writing of Plymouth plantation in 1630, perhaps because

Answer 14

He was afraid that the Massachusetts bay colony would overshadow the Plymouth colony

Question 15

Winthrop’s journal primarily focuses on……

Answer 15

God’s providential care for the colonists

Question 16

According to Winthrop, which type of Liberty does man have in common with animals?

Answer 16

Natural

Question 17

The primary purpose of literature in early America was entertainment

Answer 17

False, it as instruction

Question 18

For the most part, early Puritan writers imitate the ornate writing style of popular English authors

Answer 18

False, it was a plain writing style

Question 19

Modern critics have unjustly criticized the writing of Puritan authors as lacking artistry

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are three aspects of Puritan influence?

Answer 20

• work ethic
• goal-centeredness
• the subservience of pleasure to duty

Question 21

Mrs. Rowlandson’s account of her Indian captivity was one of the most representative works of the seventeenth century in its portrayal of each of the following except

Answer 21

The need to preach the gospel to the Indians

Question 22

The Puritan diary is considered the basis of what genre of literature?

Answer 22

Biographical or autobiographical

Question 23

William’s belief about what principle has been influential among religious and political conservatives since his day?

Answer 23

Separation of church and state

Question 24

What does Bradstreet accomplish more effectively than any other Puritan writer?

Answer 24

The touchingly human feeling of human life

Question 25

In "upon the burning of our house", what reason does Bradstreet cite for determining that God is just?

Answer 25

All her goods belong to God

Question 26

In addition to being a pastor, what other services did Taylor provide for his town?

Answer 26

Physician, and organizer for the defense against the Indians

Question 27

In "meditation 1.6" what does Taylor want God to be his "spectacles"?

Answer 27

Taylor can examine himself from god's perspective to see if he indeed had god's image

Question 28

What is the theme of edward's writings?

Answer 28

That religious knowledge must be in the heart not just in the head

Question 29

Critics agree that Paige's genius is in his style rather than in his thought

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Edward Taylor's view of man's corrupt nature later influenced authors such as.......

Answer 30

hawthorne and Melville

Question 31

What were Benjamin Franklin's religious views?

Answer 31

- God exists and created the world governed by his providence - the soul is immortal - crime will be punished and virtue rewarded either her or here after (this life or the next) - the most acceptable service of God is doing good to man - he did not accept that Jesus lived, died, and resurrected

Question 32

What did Paine serve as?

Answer 32

The major spokesman for rationalism

Question 33

What providentially hindered the immediate effects of the popularity/publication of "the age of reason"?

Answer 33

It was published during america's second major revival

Question 34

What made "travels" significant?

Answer 34

Specific observation and literary merit

Question 35

What was Philip's frenetic called?

Answer 35

Early america's first truly American poet

Question 36

Freneau's poetry reflects a shift in the literary emphasis from when? And what?

Answer 36

18th century neoclassic style to 19th century romantic style

Question 37

Freneau's poetry compared to the puritans show a.........

Answer 37

Fundamental shift in the view of God and man

Question 38

What was the years of the literary spirit of romanticism?

Answer 38

1820-1865

Question 39

When was the time when American literature matured and the U.S. Won literary independence from England?

Answer 39

The time of American romanticism

Question 40

Underlying the literary romanticism of this period of national optimism was:

Answer 40

- A national/word of optimism | - A spirit of confidence in the economy, political system, and the citizenry of the nation

Question 41

American literature seemed what even to Americans (besides being commercially or military equal)

Answer 41

Culturally inferior, especially to England's

Question 42

What are the four key elements of American romanticism?

Answer 42

Individualism Imagination Nature The distant

Question 43

Tell me a little bit about the element of American romanticism which is individualism

Answer 43

Romantic individualism regarded man as a individual superior to man in the mass

Question 44

Tell me a little bit about the element of American romanticism which is called imagination

Answer 44

- romantics considered the imagination to be of primary importance in literary creation - romantics favored experimentation

Question 45

Tell me a little bit about the element of American romanticism which is called nature

Answer 45

- nature provided romantics both the means of knowing truth and the actual subject matter of their literature - they believed God is understandable only through nature

Question 46

Tell me a little bit about the element of American romanticism which is called the distant

Answer 46

The two aspects of the sense of distance employed by the romantic writers were space and time

Question 47

What element of American romanticism is least objectionable to the puritans?

Answer 47

The distant

Question 48

The publication of darwin's "origin of species" was the event that brought more attacks against what then any other source

Answer 48

The bible

Question 49

The crucial turning point in our national spirit came during which period?

Answer 49

American romanticism

Question 50

The recurrence of consonant sounds at the beginning of nearby stressed syllables is called?

Answer 50

Alliteration

Question 51

The recurrence of vowel sounds in nearby stressed syllables

Answer 51

Assonance

Question 52

The recurrence of consonant sounds in nearby stressed syllables

Answer 52

Consonance

Question 53

One of of the things a complete metrical analysis of a poem that includes identification of a major pause within the poem's lines is what?

Answer 53

Caesura

Question 54

A poem consisting of his life speech by a character addressing an audience at a moment in the story is called what?

Answer 54

Dramatic monologue

Question 55

The use of words that sound like what they mean is called what?

Answer 55

Onomatopoeia

Question 56

A word or phrase that conveys an impression appealing to one of the five senses is called what?

Answer 56

Image

Question 57

Narrative perspective. The way a story is told is called what?

Answer 57

Point of view

Question 58

The manner of expression in prose or verse, in written or oral disease is called what?

Answer 58

Style

Question 59

Irving was the first American writer to Emphasize what purpose of writing?

Answer 59

Entertainment

Question 60

Compared to the other New England poets, what made Longfellow different?

Answer 60

He used the greatest variety of genres and verse forms

Question 61

What is an aspect of cooper's work that has special interest to the Christian?

Answer 61

The Christian values of Natty Bumpo's character

Question 62

One of the dominant themes of the novel James fenimore cooper wrote is?

Answer 62

Initiation (for example the introduction of an untried youth the harsh realities of life)

Question 63

Bryant's poetry was classic in style but what in content?

Answer 63

Romantic

Question 64

Henry wadsworth Longfellow compared to the other New England poets what made him different?

Answer 64

He used the greates variety of genres and verse forms

Question 65

Line 12 of "Divina Commedia" which says "the tumult of the time disconsolate" refers to what rather then personal grief?

Answer 65

The civil war

Question 66

John green leaf whittiers poetry presents a detailed picture of what?

Answer 66

Rural life

Question 67

What is a aspect that causes problems from a biblical standpoint?

Answer 67

The idea that a person's spiritual intuition has authority equal to or greater than the bible

Question 68

James Russell Lowell was not the first American poet who makes a living primarily from his poetry

Answer 68

True

Question 69

"The lesson" is not antholigized very often in secular collections because why?

Answer 69

Because of clear moral emphasis on god's superiority to man

Question 70

Which poem launched Holmes's literary career?

Answer 70

Old Ironsides

Question 71

Transcendentalism originated with which German philosopher?

Answer 71

Immanuel Kant

Question 72

Where does transcendentalism come from?

Answer 72

It comes from German idealism, eastern and western mysticism, Hinduism, and Neoplatonism

Question 73

Transcendentalism masqueraded as a what?

Answer 73

Religion (fundamentally anti-christian)

Question 74

In transcendentalism, the true God is who?

Answer 74

The over-soul

Question 75

Transcendentalism lead to what religion?

Answer 75

Pantheism ( the worship of the universe as God)

Question 76

The chief literary spokesman of transcendentalism was who?

Answer 76

Emerson

Question 77

Who was a pivotal figure in American literature?

Answer 77

Emerson

Question 78

Who defined poetry a "meter making argument"?

Answer 78

Emerson

Question 79

Emerson was described as what?

Answer 79

As the 19 century arch-heretic

Question 80

What is the theme/central idea of emerson's self-reliance?

Answer 80

Man should be a passive receiver of present truth

Question 81

What following ideas represents thoreau's view?

Answer 81

- The individual is above the state - Ideally, citizens should be neighbors to the state rather then subjects - A person is justified in breaking any law he considers bad

Question 82

What did Thoreau apply to politics?

Answer 82

Transcendental principles

Question 83

Tell me a little bit about Walt Whitman.

Answer 83

- he extended Emerson's ideas to their logical outcomes - his most harmful long-range effect has been to encourage freedom in poetic content style - he has a strong influence on modern American poetry

Question 84

What does whitman's work reveal?

Answer 84

- self worship - sexual explicitness - unity with nature

Question 85

What three dominant symbols are in the poem "when lilacs in the dooryard bloom'd"?

Answer 85

Lilac, star, and thrush

Question 86

"Dark mother" and "strong deliveress" refers to what?

Answer 86

A song of praise to death

Question 87

What is a thrush?

Answer 87

A thrush is a bird