Midterm: Civilizations

Question 0

Those who worship in the Islamic religion and believe in Allah

Answer 0

Muslims

Question 1

Mecca

Answer 1

The holy city for Islamic people, the city of the prophet, the place where people go on pilgrimage, a busy trading center and oasis town

Question 2

Homer

Answer 2

Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 3

Minoan civilization

Answer 3

Reached its peak between 1600 and 1500 BC
Located on the island of Crete
Great sailors
Success based off of trading
Had a capital at Knossos
Had running water and colorful frescoes in their palace at Knossos

Question 4

Geography of Greece

Answer 4

Mediterranean and Aegean Sea were central in the development of Greek civilization
On the Balkan Peninsula
Mountains isolated and divided city-states
Farmed the valleys
Geography big reason why Greece was never unified under one ruler

Question 5

Greek religion

Answer 5

Greek mythology- polytheistic gods and goddesses
Processions and ceremonies, feasts and festivals honored their gods
Consulted oracles through whom the gods were thought to speak
Most thought universe was regulated by the gods, tho others thought natural laws governed

Question 6

Greek art

Answer 6

Ceramic jars with images on them
Sculpture were carved in rigid poses, tho later they became more lifelike and idealistic, depicting humans in their most perfect and graceful form

Question 7

Greek drama

Answer 7

Plays- Tragedies and comedies
Tragedies- purpose was to make feelings of pity and fear, then release the emotions
Comedies- humorous plays that mocked people or customs
Plays first evolved out of religious festivals
Outdoor theaters, no scenery, elaborate costumes and stylized masks
Based on popular myths or legends
Discussed moral and social issues or relationships

Question 8

Greek philosophy

Answer 8

Philosophers were lovers of wisdom
Used logic and rhetoric 
Questioned things
Syllogism
Socratic method

Question 9

Sparta

Answer 9

Located on the lower part of the Peloponnesus
From childhood taught to be warlike and military
Sickly newborns were abandoned
Totalitarian society
Purpose of the government was to prepare for war
Became warlike at first because they wanted to make sure the helots didn’t revolt
Girls also excessive and strengthened
Isolated themselves
Agricultural economy

Question 10

Athens

Answer 10

Located in Attica on the coast
Trading economy
Democracy-more people got a say
Flourished in the arts and as a center of learning
Encouraged young men to delve into the intellectual side of life

Question 11

Golden Age of Greece

Answer 11

During the reign of Pericles in Athens
Economy thrived and the government became more democratic
Direct democracy- citizens directly take part
Acropolis was rebuilt

Question 12

Parthenon

Answer 12

A temple that was dedicated to Athena
Perfect balance, reflecting dignity and grace
Order, harmony, proportion
Pericles oversaw its construction

Question 13

Hellenistic civilization

Answer 13

Hellenistic= like the Greeks
Begun by Alexander the Great when he conquered lands to the east, spreading Greek culture as he went
Alexandria in Egypt the center of the Hellenistic world
Great universities and breakthroughs in science engineering medicine astronomy, etc.

Question 14

Roman republic

Answer 14

509 was its birth
Romulus and Remus- Mars and Reya parents
Republic gov because wanted to avoid any one person from having too much power
Family basic unit of society- pater familias
Children educated
Polytheistic
Grand well trained army
Trade and travel increased
Republic ended with the Punic wars and empowers being out into power after that

Question 15

Gaul

Answer 15

The area around France

Question 16

Virgil

Answer 16

Wrote the Aeneid, about Rome’s past

Lived during the Roman Empire

Question 17

Huns

Answer 17

Italy
Attila the Hun
Nomadic
Fierce fighters

Question 18

Saxons

Answer 18

England

Question 19

Goths

Answer 19

Visigoths- Western Europe

Ostrogoths- Eastern Europe

Question 20

Franks

Answer 20

France

Question 21

Angles

Answer 21

England

Question 22

Vandals

Answer 22

Spain predominantly

Question 23

Byzantine civilization

Answer 23

Eastern surviving part of the Roman Empire
Constantinople it’s capital- trade center, harbor protected
Justinian heir to Rome
Christians rejected pope authority
Greek Orthodox

Question 24

The great schism

Answer 24

The splitting of the east and west Roman Empire | Split over popes authority, priest marrying rights, icons

Question 25

Roman Catholic Church

Answer 25

``` Western Europe Catholic=universal Rome Pope Roman was language Separate from state Clergy-priests- could not marry ```

Question 26

Eastern Orthodox Church

Answer 26

``` Eastern Europe (Byzantine) Orthodox =correct or right belief Constantinople Patriarch was the ruler of church and state Local languages and Greek One with the state Clergy could marry ```

Question 27

Islam

Answer 27

The religion of Muslims Muhammad Allah Quran

Question 28

Dark Ages

Answer 28

``` No government no law and order no towns or cities No trade no education low population Feudal economy ```

Question 29

Vikings

Answer 29

Master sailors | Raided in France region

Question 30

Manga carta

Answer 30

Crucial document Barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta also known as the great charter It asserted that the nobles had certain rights and made it clear that monarchs must obey the law The rights of the individual against the power of the state

Question 31

Parliament

Answer 31

Bicameral House of Lords- nobility; inherited the position House of Commons- elected people

Question 32

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 32

Both the church and the monarchs became powerful Holy Roman empire ruled from Germany to Italy Called holy because the ruler was crowned by the pope Called roman because the line of emperors was seen as heirs to the emperors of ancient Rome Feud between the pope and the emperor Papel supremacy, then decline Crusades took place

Question 33

Centralized government

Answer 33

Growth of towns trade and nations The Crusades gave people a taste for luxuries and started a growth of money economy Trade increased and serfs were able to buy their freedom Manors deteriorated and towns grew Universities began Power under one ruler