Midterm Vocabulary

Question 0

The Muslim house of worship

Answer 0

Mosque

Question 1

Five Pillars of Islam

Answer 1

Make a declaration of faith
Pray 5 times a day
Give charity (alms) to the poor
Fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Make a hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) if able

Question 2

The spreading of the Islamic religion, sometimes forcefully

Answer 2

Jihad

Question 3

A type of painting that was done on wet, moist plaster
In ancient Greece these were often found, especially in the palace at Knossos, and offer insight into culture and daily life

Answer 3

Frescoes

Question 4

The art of skillful meaning and public speaking

Answer 4

Rhetoric

Question 5

When people choose their representatives

Answer 5

Republic

Question 6

Members of the nobility/upper-class
Served in Rome's senate

Answer 6

Patricians

Question 7

The middle class of the early Roman republic, who made up most the population, and included farmers, merchants, and artisans
They had rights of citizenship but little influence
They did gain the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes, to protect their interests. The tribunes could veto laws

Answer 7

Plebeians

Question 8

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills to Roman cities

Answer 8

Aqueducts

Question 9

In the Roman and Byzantine Empire, the highest church official in a major city

Answer 9

Patriarch

Question 10

Greek foot soldier

Answer 10

Hoplite

Question 11

Economy based entirely on trading- there is no money

Answer 11

Barter economy

Question 12

A new method of fighting in Sparta which involved a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers with shared training that created a strong sense of unity among citizen-soldiers and reduced the class difference

Answer 12

Phalanx

Question 13

One who uses very few words

Derived from a region located on the lower part of the Peloponnesus inland from the coast

Answer 13

Laconic

Question 14

A society where the government has total control over every person and thing
The society of Sparta

Answer 14

Totalitarian (society)

Question 15

Government by the people
Used in Athens
By people it meant adult male citizens

Answer 15

Democracy

Question 16

Spartan slaves that farmed

Answer 16

Helots

Question 17

Harsh punishment or very harsh laws

Named after a man named Draco

Answer 17

Draconian

Question 18

A Greek version of city states, made up of a major city or town and it’s surrounding countryside
a city built on two levels
- The acropolis which stood on a hill
-flatter ground below where the main city was located

Answer 18

Polis

Question 19

To be austere, frugal, or plain

Answer 19

Spartan

Question 20

A way of organizing laws

Answer 20

Codify

Question 21

A word meaning three men ruling together
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed the alliance
Crassus brought wealth
Pompey brought soldiers and prestige
Caesar brought influence over the common people

Answer 21

Triumvirate

Question 22

The day Caesar was murdered

Answer 22

The Ides of March

March 13, 44 BC

Question 23

A period of Roman Peace lasting 200 years, starting with the reign of a Augustus and ending with the reign of Marcus Aurelius
27-227 AD

Answer 23

Pax Romana

Question 24

A calendar created by Caesar that was based on the Egyptian's calendar

Answer 24

Julian calendar

Question 25

Migrating nomads that came down from modern day Germany (mostly) and attacked Rome Entered Roman territory and some even attacked Rome directly Eventually took over the region Had primitive societies

Answer 25

Germanic tribes

Question 26

A new set of laws that preserved ancient Roman laws put into place in the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian A sum of the revised, collected, and organized laws of ancient Rome

Answer 26

Justinian's Code

Question 27

Stands for Holy Wisdom A church rebuilt by Justinian Incredible architecture using domes, arches, and vaults as well as other exemplary engineering Later, Muslims added minarets to it and made it a mosque

Answer 27

Hagia Sophia

Question 28

Church law ; governed life with its own courts (medieval church)

Answer 28

Canon law

Question 29

Rules created by St. Benedict to regulate monastic life Monks or nuns took three vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity they divided their days and to worship, work, and study they cleared the land and experimented crops; their work lead to better agricultural technology, which improved the farming economy of the Middle Ages

Answer 29

Benedictine Rule

Question 30

The sacred text of Islam

Answer 30

Quran

Question 31

Arabic legend that this woman created the stories of 1001 Arabian Nights to keep herself alive

Answer 31

Scheherazade

Question 32

One who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions | A destroyer of religious images

Answer 32

Iconoclast

Question 33

An estate granted to a vassal by a lord

Answer 33

Fief

Question 34

Lesser lord who pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord Provided the greater lord with armies in return for fiefs

Answer 34

Vassal

Question 35

An economic system based on the manor (and mutual obligations)

Answer 35

Manorialism

Question 36

Peasants who lived on the manor and were bound to the land

Answer 36

Serf

Question 37

When the power is in the hands of many people and there's not a direct one power

Answer 37

Decentralized

Question 38

A code of conduct in which knights were expected to be brave, loyal, and true to their word They fought fairly They never fought an unarmed man There was never two against one they never hit a man when he was down they never hit below the belt Chivalry provided a standard for knights to live up to

Answer 38

Chivalry

Question 39

Census taken in 1086 by William the Conqueror of England region How to build an efficient tax system

Answer 39

Domesday Book

Question 40

Having to do with the church

Answer 40

Secular

Question 41

A legal system based on customs and court rulings based on precedent and previous rulings which apply to all of England Created by Henry II Was the early jury system and laid the foundation for the English legal system

Answer 41

Common law

Question 42

Decisions based on those that came before

Answer 42

Precedent

Question 43

A belief or teaching contrary to popular church doctrines

Answer 43

Heresy

Question 44

Romanesque vs Gothic architecture

Answer 44

Romanesque: solid stone churches, looked like fortresses with thick walls and towers, the roofs were barrel vaults and heavy, no windows, interior dark and gloomy Gothic: flying buttresses, higher thinner walls, large Stainglass windows, graceful spires, tall windows, tall and elegant, gargoyles, vaulted ceilings

Question 45

Questioning or harsh investigation

Answer 45

Inquisition

Question 46

Vernacular literature

Answer 46

Vernacular – every day languages such as French, German, and Italian Dante's "Divine Comedy" Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales"

Question 47

Financial assets or the financial value of the assets

Answer 47

Capital

Question 48

The illegal action of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest Jews did this and were prosecuted for it during medieval revival

Answer 48

Usury

Question 49

Based on a random chance or whim, rather then any reason or system

Answer 49

Arbitrary

Question 50

Loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords The whole system was based on land

Answer 50

Feudalism

Question 51

Languages based off of Latin | French Spanish Romanian Portuguese Italian

Answer 51

Romance languages