FINAL Review Flashcards
(102 cards)
Michaelangelo
One of his greatest paintings was the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome -depicted figures from the Bible and showed Renaissances optimism which celebrated the glory of humanity
Sculpture of David- shows realistic style of the time
Machiavelli
Wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power -The Prince
Urged rulers to use whatever methods necessary to achieve their goals
He was amoral but realistic
“The end justifies the means”
“Might makes right”
Humanism
Intellectual movement that believed education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers
Emphasized the individual
Vernacular
The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
The Renaissance
Began in Italy
Time of rebirth (of Greek and roman influence)
People were well rounded
The individual person was emphasized
The arts were commissioned by wealthy merchants
Dante
Italian writer
Wrote Divine Comedy
Scientific Revolution
Time when people questioned and challenged authority of the Church especially and focused on facts and evidence, not faith
Astrolabe
Instrument used to determine the altitude of the sun or other celestial bodies
Heliocentric theory
The sun is at the center of the universe
Geocentric theory
Theory that the earth is at the center of the universe
Copernicus
Proposed heliocentric theory through calculations and study
Published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”
Galileo
Wrote “Heresies”
Supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory with his telescopic observations
Discoveries caused an uproar and the Church condemned him
Martin Luther
Monk and professor of theology
Posted the 95 theses
Began the Protestant reformation
And began a new religion- Protestant
Indulgences
Things the Church sold to people as a way of “forgiving” their sins
Lessened the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory
Church took the money and put it into building grand new churches and things
95 Theses
Posted by Martin Luther on the doors of Wittenberg’s All Saints Church
Protested the indulgences
Diet of Worms
Meeting Luther was called to in the city of Worms to face charges against him
He was asked to recant his reforms, he refused, was excommunicated and exiled
John Calvin
Believed in predestination: the idea that long ago god had decided who was being saved or going to hell
From Geneva
Calvinists were serious people who had no room for fun; worked hard and believed it was important to read and write in order to understand the Bible
Peace of Augsburg
Agreement that allowed each prince to decide which religion would be allowed in his lands
Henry VIII
Wanted an annulment for his marriage because his wife couldn’t bear a son
Needed up splitting with the Church and getting a divorce
Tudor dynasty
16th century
Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII second wife
Mother of Elizabeth who would one day be Queen of England
Queen Elizabeth I
Slowly enforced a series of reforms Compromises between Protestants and Catholics which satisfied both Long reign Used skills to restore England Firmly Protestant
Philip II
King of Spain in late 16th century
Expanded Spanish influence, strengthened the Catholic Church, gave himself absolute power
Believed his power came from God
Devoutly catholic
Defended the catholic reformation
Ordered the Spanish Armada against England which failed
The Spanish Armada
Fleet that’s goal was to invade England because was against Queen Elisabeth, who was firmly Protestant
Failed because got trapped in the English Channel and the smaller faster English boats destroyed them
