Midterm - Dermis

Question 1

beneath the epidermis and is
composed of connective tissue.

Answer 1

dermis

Question 2

dermis is beneath the
epidermis and is
composed of

Answer 2

connective
tissue

Question 3

dermis is divided into two layers…

Answer 3

Papillary layer
Reticular Layer

Question 4

It is arranged into microscopic
structures that form ridges. These are the finger- and footprints

Answer 4

Papillary layer

Question 5

beneath the papillary layer; it is a white fibrous tissue that
supports the blood vessels

Answer 5

reticular layer

Question 6

composed of adipose and
connective tissue. It supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin

Answer 6

subcutaneous tissue
or hypodermis

Question 7

a threadlike structure formed
by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle or socket

Answer 7

Hair

Question 8

It is attached to the side of each follicle which causes goose flesh or goose pimples.

Answer 8

pilomotor muscle

Question 9

Each hair has a _____ that is visible

Answer 9

shaft

Question 10

Each hair has a shaft that is visible and a root that is embedded in the ________

Answer 10

follicle

Question 11

At the base of each hair follicle is a bulb enclosing a loop of capillaries which provides nourishment to the hair

Answer 11

Hair papilla

Question 12

It is one of the few living parts of the hair, and is responsible for hair growth.

Answer 12

Hair Papilla

Question 13

It →covers the hair shaft like shingles on a roof, protecting it from the elements and chemicals, and from losing moisture

Answer 13

cuticle

Question 14

It provides most of the hair’s weight. It contains melanin which provides color to the hair, stores oils, provides flexibility and elasticity, and
adds shape to the hair.

Answer 14

Cortex

Question 15

When the cuticle is damaged and exposes the cortex

Answer 15

hair looks dull and dry

Question 16

an inner hollow core that runs the
length of the shaft.

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

are oil glands. They have tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle

Answer 17

Sebaceous glands

Question 18

Each sebaceous gland secretes ______, which lubricates the hair and skin.

Answer 18

sebum

Question 19

The amount of secretion varies with

Answer 19

age, puberty, and pregnancy

Question 20

Are hard keratin structures that protect the ends of the fingers and toes.

Answer 20

Fingernails and toenails

Question 21

begins several millimeters into the finger and extends to the edge of the white, crescent-shaped lunula.

Answer 21

nail root/ germinal matrix / nailbed,

Question 22

white, crescent-shape seen in the nail

Answer 22

Lunula

Question 23

This is where the growth occurs…
approximately _____. per week.

Answer 23

1 mm

Question 24

The under-surface of the ________/_______ of the nail has grooves that help
anchor it.

Answer 24

nail plate or body

Question 25

It fuses the nail plate and the skin of the finger together to form a waterproof barrier

Answer 25

cuticle / eponychium

Question 26

The cuticle is also called the

Answer 26

eponychium

Question 27

It is under the free edge of the nail. It also creates a waterproof barrier, fusing the skin of the finger to the underside of the nail plate.

Answer 27

Hyponychium

Question 28

Simply those that have curled down or around and are growing into the skin.

Answer 28

Ingrown nail

Question 29

Ingrown nails may become

Answer 29

e swollen and inflamed

Question 30

They are sweat glands. About 2 million are distributed over the surface of the body, more numerous on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, forehead, and axillae or underarms

Answer 30

Sudoriferous glands

Question 31

Sweat glands produce

Answer 31

sweat / perspiration

Question 32

It also rids the body of waste through the pores of the skin.

Answer 32

Sweat

Question 33

The average person loses approximately _______ of fluid through sweating each day.

Answer 33

1/2 liter

Question 34

one of the most important element in the process of scar formation, while epidermal and endothelial cells exert synergistic effects as well.

Answer 34

Fibroblast

Question 35

in the process of scar formation, _____________ & ____________ ______ exert synergistic effects as well

Answer 35

epidermal and endothelial cells

Question 36

A deep, thick layer of skin

Answer 36

Dermis

Question 37

form when the dermis is damaged.

Answer 37

Scars

Question 38

a naturally occurring protein in the body

Answer 38

collagen

Question 39

The body forms new collagen fibers to mend the damage, resulting in a

Answer 39

scar

Question 40

usually composed of fibrous tissue. It may be formed for many different reasons, including as a result of infections, surgery, injuries, or inflammation of tissue.

Answer 40

scar

Question 41

A scar may appear

Answer 41

flat, lumpy, sunken, or colored.

Question 42

When a person has an injury, the body responds by repairing the damaged tissue, which creates

Answer 42

scar tissue.

Question 43

a collection of cells and collagen that covers the site of the injury. People can develop scar tissue on their skin as the result of an injury, surgery, or acne

Answer 43

scar tissue.

Question 44

As part of the healing process, specialized cells called ____________ in adjacent areas of skin →produce a fibrous connective tissue made up of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish inelastic fibres make up the bulk of the scar tissue.

Answer 44

fibroblasts

Question 45

3 STAGES OF TISSUE REPAIR

Answer 45

* inflammation * proliferation * maturation

Question 46

three main stages of inflammation

Answer 46

Acute * Sub-acute * Chronic

Question 47

swelling stage of inflammation

Answer 47

Acute

Question 48

regenerative stage.

Answer 48

sub-acute

Question 49

scar tissue maturation and remodelling stage

Answer 49

Chronic

Question 50

Inflammation is characterized by five cardinal signs:

Answer 50

* rubor (redness) * calor (increased heat) * tumor (swelling) * dolor (pain) * functio laesa (loss of function)

Question 51

redness

Answer 51

Rubor

Question 52

Increased heat

Answer 52

Calor

Question 53

swelling

Answer 53

tumor

Question 54

pain

Answer 54

Dolor

Question 55

Loss of function

Answer 55

Funcia laesa

Question 56

→If the fluids are not adequately restored

Answer 56

burn shock develops

Question 57

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES

Answer 57

Inflammation, * hypermetabolism, * muscle wasting, and * insulin resistance

Question 58

Bacterial infection→ may lead to a bloodstream infection

Answer 58

sepsis

Question 59

Fluid loss, including low blood volume

Answer 59

hypovolemia

Question 60

Dangerously low body temperature

Answer 60

hypothermia

Question 61

Complications of deep or widespread burns can include:

Answer 61

Sepsis Hypovolemia Hypothermia Breathing Problems from intake of smoke

Question 62

It affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters.

Answer 62

First-degree burn

Question 63

Example of 1st degree burns is

Answer 63

Mild sunburn

Question 64

are more severe than first-degree burns. They affect the outer layer of skin, called the DERMIS

Answer 64

Second-degree burns

Question 65

Second-degree burns is also known as

Answer 65

partial thickness burns

Question 66

affect the epidermis and the dermis, lower layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering

Answer 66

Second-degree burns

Question 67

It go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. They result in white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb

Answer 67

Third-degree burns (full thickness burns)

Question 68

Third-degree burns is also knwon as

Answer 68

full thickness burns

Question 69

It destroy the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the innermost layer of skin, the subcutaneous tissue. The burn site may look white or blackened and charred.

Answer 69

* Third-degree (full thickness) burns

Question 70

additionally involves injury to deeper tissues, such as muscle, tendons, or bone. The burn is often black and frequently leads to loss of the burned part. Burns are generally preventable. Treatment depends on the severity of the burn.

Answer 70

fourth-degree burn

Question 71

penetrate the muscle and begin to burn bone;

Answer 71

fifth degree burns

Question 72

the most severe burns which have charred bone.

Answer 72

sixth degree burns