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Life Science JHU > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism

A

GENETIC•MUTATION

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2
Q

a watery liquid in the mouth that softens food for swallowing

A

SALIVA

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3
Q

a mass of cells that perform a specific function for the body

A

TISSUE

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4
Q

a type of asexual reproduction found in bacteria,

other prokaryotes, and a few eukaryotes

A

BINARY•FISSION

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5
Q

the observable genetic traits of an individual

A

PHENOTYPE

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6
Q

a trait or characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

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6
Q

a trait or characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

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7
Q

all possible genes for a trait

A

Alleles

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8
Q

an organism that breathes through gills in its larval stage and through lungs in its adult stage

A

Amphibian

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9
Q

the intentional reproduction of organisms with the sole desire of creating offspring with desirable characteristics

A

Artificial Selection

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10
Q

reproduction that involves only one parent and results in offspring that is genetically identical to the parent

A

Asexual Reproduction

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11
Q

a sensory receptor that detects sound

A

Auditory Receptor

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12
Q

unicellular organisms that sometimes have cell walls but do not have organelles and an organized nucleus

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

a type of asexual reproduction found in bacteria, other prokaryotes, and a few eukaryotes

A

Binary Fission

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14
Q

the smallest functional building block of an organism

A

Cell

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15
Q

a thin barrier that forms the boundary of cells

A

Cell Membrane

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16
Q

the outermost layer of cell in plants and some microorganisms

A

Cell Wall

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17
Q

a feature used to identify a person or thing

A

Characteristic

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18
Q

a threadlike strand in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic information

A

Chromosome

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19
Q

the system that pumps blood through the body

A

Circulatory System

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20
Q

to create a new organism that is genetically identical to its parent; the organism created by the process of cloning

A

Clone

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21
Q

a photoreceptor in the eye that processes color vision

A

Cone

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22
Q

a mixture of water and salt that suspends the organelles within the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

facts collected for reference and analysis

A

Data

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24
Q

the system that breaks down food into energy for the body

A

Digestive System

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25
Q

having two complete sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid

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26
Q

the process of making wild plants or animals suitable for human use

A

Domesticate

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27
Q

a trait that is expressed in an offspring if one parent contributes it

A

Dominant Trait

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28
Q

relating to electric and magnetic fields

A

Electromagnetic

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29
Q

an unborn or unhatched organism undergoing the process of growth and development

A

Embryo

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30
Q

a substance that catalyzes chemical reactions in the body

A

Enzyme

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31
Q

describes unicellular or multicellular organisms that have cells with a defined nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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32
Q

the natural process by which species develop and differentiate from earlier forms of life

A

Evolution

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33
Q

the reproductive structure in flowering plants

A

Flower

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34
Q

a haploid male or female reproductive cell that forms a zygote

A

Gamete

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35
Q

a unit of hereditary characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring

A

Gene

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36
Q

the amount of genetic variation across an entire species

A

Genetic Diversity

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37
Q

inserting, deleting, or modifying the genetic material of organisms to gain desired characteristics

A

Genetic Engineering

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38
Q

a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism

A

Genetic Mutation

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39
Q

the complete genetic makeup of an individual

A

Genotype

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40
Q

a cell that contains half of the total number of chromosomes

A

Haploid

41
Q

having unmatched alleles for a trait

A

Heterozygous

42
Q

the ability to stabilize internal conditions when surrounded by changing external conditions

A

Homeostasis

43
Q

having a pair of matching alleles for a trait

A

Homozygous

44
Q

an explanation based on research and observation that can be tested

A

Hypothesis

45
Q

the system that protects the body from foreign substances and infectious diseases

A

Immune System

46
Q

the system made up of skin, hair, and nails that protects internal structures from damage

A

Integumentary System

47
Q

an organism’s stages of growth and development that lead to the production of offspring

A

Life Cycle

48
Q

a type of cell division in which daughter cells end up with half the chromosomes of the parent cell

A

Meiosis

49
Q

a change in form during the life cycle

A

Metamorphosis

50
Q

a single-celled or multicellular organism that can be seen only under a microscope

A

Microorganism

51
Q

a protective adaptation in which a species looks like another species

A

Mimicry

52
Q

a type of cell division in which daughter cells end up with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Mitosis

53
Q

the system made up of bones and muscles that support the body and allow it to move

A

Musculoskeletal System

54
Q

the process by which organisms with more beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

A

Natural Selection

55
Q

a fiber or bundle of fibers that transmit signals to and from the body, brain, and spinal cord

A

Nerve

56
Q

a system of nerves that transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

A

Nervous System

57
Q

tissue that sends signals to and from the brain, so a body can carry out processes

A

Nervous Tissue

58
Q

a nerve cell

A

Neuron

59
Q

the structural building block of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

60
Q

the largest organelle in the cell, which contains genetic information and controls cell function

A

Nucleus

61
Q

facts gathered by studying the world using the senses of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell

A

Observation

62
Q

a sensory receptor for smell

A

Olfactory Receptor

63
Q

the nerve that connects the eye to the brain

A

Optic Nerve

64
Q

a structure made up of tissues that perform a specialized function for the body

A

Organ

65
Q

a specialized structure inside a cell

A

Organelle

66
Q

an individual living thing

A

Organism

67
Q

able to let liquids or gases pass through

A

Permeable

68
Q

the observable genetic traits of an individual

A

Phenotype

69
Q

the male gamete in flowering plants

A

Pollen

70
Q

the transfer of pollen from the male to female parts of a plant

A

Pollination

71
Q

when two or more genes determine the phenotype of a trait

A

Polygenic Inheritance

72
Q

a group of a species that lives in a defined area at a specific time

A

Population

73
Q

a statement that forecasts what will happen based on past events or evidence

A

Prediction

74
Q

describes unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

75
Q

a trait that expresses in an offspring only if both parents contribute it

A

Recessive Trait

76
Q

an involuntary response

A

Reflex

77
Q

any behavior, structure, or function that helps the organisms reproduce or protect offspring

A

Reproductive Strategy

78
Q

the system that takes in oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory System

79
Q

the layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors

A

Retina

80
Q

a photoreceptor in the eye responsible for night vision

A

Rod

81
Q

a watery liquid in the mouth that softens food for swallowing

A

Saliva

82
Q

a branch of study that relies on observation and experiments to prove facts about natural events

A

Science

83
Q

a statement that is accepted as universal fact, often expressed as a mathematical equation

A

Scientific Law

84
Q

an approach to investigation that consists of a series of steps: question, hypothesis, collection and analysis of data, explanation, conclusion, and communication

A

Scientific Method

85
Q

a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly using the scientific method

A

Scientific Theory

86
Q

the first stage of life for flowering plants and some nonflowering plants

A

Seed

87
Q

a nerve ending that senses and responds to stimulus

A

Sensory Receptor

88
Q

a type of reproduction in which there are two parents and the offspring is genetically different from each parent

A

Sexual Reproduction

89
Q

a type of behavior that questions facts that have no evidence

A

Skepticism

90
Q

a reproductive structure in some nonflowering plants and fungi

A

Spore

91
Q

anything that causes a reaction in the body

A

Stimulus

92
Q

a group of related parts that work together to perform a task or complete a process

A

System

93
Q

a group of cells in the mouth that contain sensory receptors for taste

A

Taste Bud

94
Q

Tissue

a mass of cells that perform a specific function for the body

A

Tissue

95
Q

a characteristic determined by genes

A

Trait

96
Q

the process that makes RNA from DNA

A

Transcription

97
Q

the process that messenger RNA uses to make proteins

A

Translation

98
Q

a measure of a given quantity

A

Unit

99
Q

a characteristic, number, or quantity that takes different values in different situations

A

Variable

100
Q

a microscopic agent that contains genetic material and reproduces inside the host cell of another organism

A

Virus

101
Q

a diploid cell that forms when two haploid gamete cells come together

A

Zygote

Life Science JHU (7 decks)

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