Midterm Exam Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
End of muscle attached to the LEAST moveable structure
A
Muscle origin
2
Q
End of muscle attached to the MORE moveable structure
A
Muscle insertion
3
Q
Movement accomplished when muscle fibers contract
A
Muscle action
4
Q
Closing mouth, lifting mandible
A
Elevation
5
Q
Opening mouth
A
Depression
6
Q
Move forward, sticking out
A
Protrusion
7
Q
Moving backwards
A
Retraction
8
Q
Moving jaw right and left
A
Lateral deviation
9
Q
Moving away from midline
A
Abducting
10
Q
Moving toward midline
A
Adduction
11
Q
Face down, palm down
A
Pronation
12
Q
Lay on back, palms up
A
Supination
13
Q
What movement would the right inferior head of lateral pterygoid make?
A
Left movement
14
Q
What is the origin of the masseter muscle?
A
Zygomatic arch
15
Q
What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?
A
Angle
Ramus
16
Q
What is the action of masseter muscle?
A
Elevation
17
Q
What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?
A
Temporal fossa
18
Q
What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?
A
Coronoid process
19
Q
What is the action of the temporalis muscle?
A
Elevation and retraction
20
Q
What is the superficial and deep origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?
A
superficial: maxillary tuberosity
deep: pterygoid plates
21
Q
What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?
A
Angle
Ramus
22
Q
What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
A
Elevation
23
Q
What is the superior and inferior origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
A
Superior: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior: Lateral pterygoid plate
24
Q
What are the superior and inferior insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
A
Superior: pterygoid fovea
Inferior: TMJ disc/capsule
25
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
26
Where is the general location of the suprahyoid muscles?
Attached to the hyoid bone and structures superior to it
27
What are the general functions of the suprahyoid muscles?
Depress mandible
Lift & fixate hyoid
28
Where is the general location of the infrahyoid muscles?
Attached to the hyoid bone and structures inferior to it
29
What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles?
Lower & fixate the hyoid bone
30
Where is the general location of the intrinsic tongue?
Wholly within confines of tongue
31
What is the general function of the intrinsic tongue?
Changes shape of tongue
32
Where is the general location of the extrinsic tongue?
Originate outside of the tongue and insert into it
33
What is the general function of the extrinsic tongue?
Changes position of tongue
34
Where is the general location of the soft palate?
tonsillar pillars
35
What is the general function of the soft palate?
Aids in speech & swallowing by sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx
36
Where is the general location of the neck?
Lateral & posterior aspects of the neck
37
What are the general functions of the neck?
Head & shoulder movement
38
Where is the general location of the pharyngeal?
Wall of pharynx
39
What are the general functions of the pharyngeal?
- Elevation & dilation of pharynx to accept food
- Constricts pharynx to force food into esophagus
40
Where is the general location of the orbicularis oris?
Encircles mouth
41
What are the general functions of the orbicularis oris?
Pucker lips
Kissing muscle
42
Where is the general location of the buccinator?
Cheeks
43
What is the general function of the buccinator?
Compress cheeks to keep food between occlusal surfaces during mastication
44
Where is the general location of the risorius?
Cheeks
- superficial to buccinator
45
What are the general functions of the risorius?
Pulls lips laterally
Smiling muscle
46
Where is the general location of the platysma?
Anterior neck & over mandible to angle of mouth
47
What are the general functions of the platysma?
Tightens skin of neck & cheeks
Pulls angles of mouth down
48
Where is the general location of the mentalis?
Chin
49
What are the general functions of the mentalis?
Moves skin of chin
Protrudes lower lip
50
Where is the general location of levator labii?
Above upper lip & inserts into it
51
What is the general function of the levator labii?
Elevates upper lip
52
Where is the general location of the depressor labii?
Below lower lip & inserts into it
53
What are the general functions of the depressor labii?
Depressor lower lip
Frowning
54
Where is the general location of the epicranius?
Scalp
55
What is the general function of the epicranius?
Moves scalp
56
Where is the general location of the aricularis?
Around ears
57
What is the general function of the aricularis?
Feeble movement of ears
58
Where is the general location of the orbicularis oculi?
Encircles eyes
59
What is the general function of the orbicularis oculi?
Close eyes
Winking
60
Where is the general location of the corrugator?
Under eyebrows
61
What is the general function of the corrugator?
Pulls eyebrows down
62
Where is the general location of the procerus?
Between eyebrows
63
What is the general function of the procerus?
Wrinkles skin on bridge of nose
64
Where is the general location of nasalis?
Across nose
65
What is the general function of the nasalis?
Dilates nostrils
66
Where is the general location of the depressor septi?
Lateral to philtrum
67
What is the general function of the depressor septi?
Constricts nostrils
(holds them together)
68
Towards the front
Ventral/Anterior
69
Towards the back
Distal/Posterior
70
Towards the top
Superior
71
Towards the bottom
Inferior
72
Towards midline
Medial
73
Away from midline
Lateral
74
Towards the surface
Superficial
75
Away from surface
Deep
76
Close to trunk
Proximal
77
Away from trunk
Distal
78
Structures on the same side of body
Ipsilateral
79
Structures on opposite sides of body
Contralateral
80
White line inside cheek
Linea alba
81
Hyperkeratosis
Cheek trauma
82
Fibrotic tissue
Hyperkeratosis
83
Pink, firm, round tissue on the inside of lip or cheek
Fibroma
84
Single or paired?
Occipital bone
Single
85
Single or paired?
Frontal bone
Single
86
Single or paired?
Sphenoid bone
Single
87
Single or paired?
Ethmoid bone
Single
88
Single or paired?
Parietal bone
Paired
89
Single or paired?
Temporal bone
Paired
90
Single or paired?
Vomer Bone
Single
91
Single or paired?
Mandible
Single
92
Single or paired?
Lacrimal bone
Paired
93
Single or paired?
Nasal bone
Paired
94
Single or paired?
Inferior nasal conchae
Paired
95
Single or paired?
Zygomatic bone
Paired
96
Single or paired?
Maxillary bone
Paired
97
Single or paired?
Palatine bone
Paired
98
What is TMJ?
Temporomandibular joint
99
What is CMJ?
Craniomandibular joint
100
What is associated with TMJ?
Temporal bone
Mandible
101
Where does the mandible sit?
In articular condyle
102
What completely encloses the TMJ?
Joint capsule
103
What is the superior joint capsule?
Articular eminences
Articular fossa
104
What is the inferior joint capsule?
Head of mandibular condyle
Condyle’s neck
105
What divides into 2 synovial cavities?
Disc (meniscus)
106
What do we need in order to keep our bones moving?
Synovial fluid
107
What happens to our disc with aging?
Thins
Perforates
Mechanical stress
108
What are signs of abuse to TMJ?
Multiple fractures
Different stages of healing
Bruising
109
What are examples of trauma to TMJ?
Dislocation
Fracture
110
What connects bone to bone?
Ligament
111
What are the 3 ligaments of the TMJ?
Temporomandibular
Sphenomandibular
Stylomandibular
112
What is the function of the Temporomandibular ligament?
Attach temporal bone down to mandible
113
What is the function of the Sphenomandibular ligament?
Attach spine of sphenoid down to mandible
114
What is the function of the Stylomandibular ligament?
Attach styloid process to mandible
115
What are the functions of jaw movement?
Speech
Mastication
116
Moving forward and backward (protrusion and retraction)
Gliding
117
elevation and depression movement
Rotational
118
Where does gliding occur?
Upper synovial cavity
119
Where does rotational movement happen?
Lower synovial cavity
120
Cushion between upper and lower synovial cavity
Disc
121
Mouth locked down
Clenching
122
Grinding of teeth
Bruxism
123
What is the etiology of TMD?
Stress
Clenching
Bruxism
124
Who is TMD seen in more often?
Women - around years old
125
What are TMD symptoms?
Headaches
Neck or back pain
126
What percentage of patients have TMJ noise without TMD?
40-60%
127
What are some treatments for TMD?
Splint
Relaxation therapy
Prescription
Stress management
Habit control
Home-based exercises
128
Lock jaw
Trismus
129
How much blood does the average adult body contain?
5 quarts
130
How long would the blood vessels in the body stretch?
62,000 miles or two and half times around the world
131
How many times does the heart circulate the body's blood supply each day?
About 1,000 times
132
How much blood does the heart pump each day?
5-6,000 quarts
133
How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?
3 flaps
134
What are the 3 vessels that the aorta splits into?
- Right side – Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common Cortoid
- Left subclavian artery
135
What is the main blood supply to upper extremities?
Subclavian arteries
136
What passes under sternocleidomastoid and bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries?
Common carotid arteries
137
What supplies blood to brain, eyes, and lacrimal gland?
- Enters skull via carotid canals
Internal carotid arteries
138
How many external carotid arteries are there?
8 branches
139
What are the 4 carotid artery branches that are a must know?
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
140
What supplies blood to tongue, epiglottis, floor of mouth, sublingual gland, Md. Lingual gingiva, soft palate, and tonsils?
Lingual artery
141
What supplies blood to face?
Facial artery
142
What supplies blood to superior portion of head?
Superficial temporal artery
143
What supplies blood to maxillary teeth?
Maxillary artery
144
What travels obliquely across face to inner eye?
Facial artery
145
What crosses under mandible, just anterior to angle?
Facial artery
146
What is at the level of the hyoid bone and travels forward into oral cavity?
Lingual artery
147
What is in the parotid temporal region and is one of two terminal branches?
Superficial temporal artery
148
What has 17 branches, is at the neck of the mandible, and is the larger of the 2 terminal branches?
Maxillary artery
149
o Follow arterial pathway and share names
o Larger than arteries
o More numerous
Venous drainage
150
Small portion of extra-cranial tissues
External jugular vein
151
o Almost all blood from head and neck drains into
o Exit through jugular foramen
Internal jugular veins
152
What is the internal jugular vein sequence?
- Join subclavian veins
- Right and left brachiocephalic veins
- Superior vena cava
- Right atrium
153
o Large network of veins
o Near maxillary tuberosity
o Drains blood supplied by maxillary artery
o Easily pierced during PSA injection
Pterygoid plexus of veins
154
What are some vascular lesions?
Plaque
Atherosclerosis
Thrombus
Embolus
Bacteremia
Hemorrhage
Hematoma
155
What does plaque do?
Increases blood pressure
156
What is Atherosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries
157
What is thrombus?
Blood clot
158
What is an embolus?
Traveling blood clot
159
What is bacteremia?
Infection in blood
160
What is hemorrhage?
Uncontrolled bleeding
161
What is a hematoma?
Bruise
