(MIDTERM) Extraction of Starch

Question 1

A ________ that serves as temporary storage form of photosynthetic products.
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer 1

glucosan

Question 2

Starch occurs in the form of granules (starch grains), the shape and size of
which are characteristic of the species as is also the ratio of the content of the
principal constituents, ______________

Answer 2

amylose and amylopectin

Question 3

Formula of STARCH

Answer 3

(C6H10O5)n

Question 4

Linear molecule (helical
arrangement)

Answer 4

Amylose

Question 5

250 to 300 D-glucopyranose units

Answer 5

Amylose

Question 6

Uniformly linked by ⍺-1,4
glucosidic bonds

Answer 6

Amylose

Question 7

Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio: 25%

Answer 7

Amylose

Question 8

Solubility in water: More soluble

Answer 8

Amylose

Question 9

Iodine test: Deep blue complex

Answer 9

Amylose

Question 10

Branched molecule

Answer 10

Amylopectin

Question 11

1000 or more D-glucopyranose units

Answer 11

Amylopectin

Question 12

Linked by ⍺-1,4 glucosidic bonds;
branched by ⍺-1,6 glucosidic bonds

Answer 12

Amylopectin

Question 13

Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio: 75%

Answer 13

Amylopectin

Question 14

Solubility in water: Less soluble

Answer 14

Amylopectin

Question 15

Iodine test: Blue-violet or purple
color.

Answer 15

Amylopectin

Question 16

Basic structural design of ________________________, along with the labeling of the atoms and torsion angles.

Answer 16

(a) glucose units, (b) amylose and (c) amylopectin

Question 17

Extension of the basic units to macromolecular structures was adapted from ______________

Answer 17

Pérez & Bertoft (2010)

Question 18

Barley

Answer 18

Hordeum vulgare (Poaceae)

Question 19

Maize

Answer 19

Zea mays (Poaceae)

Question 19

Potato

Answer 19

Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)

Question 19

Rice

Answer 19

Oryza sativa (Poaceae)

Question 19

Sago

Answer 19

Metroxylon rumphii (Arecaceae)

Question 19

Rye

Answer 19

Secale cereale (Poaceae)

Question 20

Tapioca

Answer 20

Manihot utilissima (Euphorbiaceae)

Question 21

Wheat

Answer 21

Triticum aestivum (Poaceae)

Question 22

3 Official Starches

Answer 22

Corn Starch, Wheat Starch, Potato Starch

Question 23

Starch, as the term is used in pharmaceutic circles, consists of granules separated from the: * Mature grain of corn, Zea mays (Poaceae) * Mature grain of wheat, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) * Tubers of the potato, Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)

Answer 23

Official Starches

Question 24

Mature grain of corn

Answer 24

Zea mays (Poaceae)

Question 25

Mature grain of wheat

Answer 25

Triticum aestivum (Poaceae)

Question 25

Tubers of the potato

Answer 25

Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)

Question 26

Ingredient in dusting powders

Answer 26

Pharmaceutical Uses of Starch

Question 27

Pharmaceutic aid * Binder * Disintegrant * Diluent * Absorbents * Glidant/Lubricant

Answer 27

Pharmaceutical Uses of Starch

Question 28

Antidote for Iodine poisoning

Answer 28

Pharmaceutical Uses of Starch

Question 29

Pharmaceutic aids

Answer 29

* Binder * Disintegrant * Diluent * Absorbents * Glidant/Lubricant

Question 30

Starting material from which liquid glucose (corn syrup), dextrose, dextrins, and high-fructose sweeteners are made.

Answer 30

Pharmaceutical Uses of Starch

Question 31

Modified Starches:

Answer 31

* Pregelatinized starch * Sodium starch glycolate * Hetastarch * Soluble starch

Question 32

starch that has been chemically or mechanically processed to rupture all or part of the granules in the presence of water and is subsequently dried.

Answer 32

Pregelatinized starch

Question 33

slightly soluble to soluble in cold water

Answer 33

Pregelatinized starch

Question 34

used as a tablet excipient

Answer 34

Pregelatinized starch

Question 35

a semisynthetic material; the sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch

Answer 35

Sodium starch glycolate

Question 36

used as a disintegrating agent in tablet formulations

Answer 36

Sodium starch glycolate

Question 36

a semisynthetic material that is prepared in such a manner that it is approximately 90% amylopectin, and 7 or 8 hydroxyethyl substituents are present for each 10 glucose units

Answer 36

Hetastarch

Question 37

A 6% solution of hetastarch is used as a plasma expander

Answer 37

Hetastarch

Question 38

It is adjunct therapy in treatment of shock caused by hemorrhage, burns, surgery, sepsis, or other trauma

Answer 38

Hetastarch

Question 39

prepared by treating commercial potato starch with hydrochloric acid until, after washing, it forms a limpid, almost clear solution in hot water

Answer 39

Soluble starch

Question 40

Lugol’s solution - aqueous solution of ____________

Answer 40

Iodine and Potassium Iodide

Question 41

Iodine Test Rationale

Answer 41

Iodine molecules fit into the helical structure of starch (specifically amylose), forming a colored complex that produces the blue-black color