Midterm extras Flashcards
(57 cards)
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
An object will accelerate or decelerate only if acted upon by an outside unbalanced force
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
When a force acts on an object, the object accelerates in the same direction as the force, and the larger the force, the greater the acceleration, and the larger the mass, the more force must be applied
What is Newton’s third law of motion?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction (whenever a force is exerted upon an object, the object simultaneously exerts an equal and opposite force on whatever is applying the initial force
VF natural resonance values
Adult
- men: 115 Hz
- women: 215 Hz
Children
- boys: 5.6 = 240 Hz, 10.5 = 220 Hz
- girls: 5.6 = 243 Hz, 11.2 = 238 Hz
Describe surface tension.
Surface tension is the tension on the surface of a liquid created by the pulling down and to the side attractions formed by the molecules on the surface of the liquid. Because there’s no upward attraction, there is a net force pulling on the molecules from below, providing slight surface tension.
Where do standing waves usually occur?
In confined spaces
Describe clavicular breathing.
Overactivity of the pectoral muscles of the upper chest, quite active sternocleidomastoid muscle, abdominals tend to be drawn inward instead of slightly distended outward
Describe chest/high breathing.
The abdominal muscles limit vertical lung expansion
What are the three respiratory ailments that often characterize COPD?
Chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema
What is chronic bronchitis?
Chronic inflammation of the respiratory passageways and increased mucus production
What is asthma?
Swelling and inflammation of the linings of the airway and increased mucus production
What is emphysema?
Swelling and inflammation of the larynx
What is the function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Fine motor control of fundamental frequency, intensity and vocal quality, and aerodynamic regulation
What is the function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Movement of the larynx within the neck and stabilization of the larynx
Vocal fold vibration according to the myoelastic aerodynamic theory?
Vocal fold vibration is passive, and it happens because of the interaction between glottal opening, the physical properties of the vocal folds, and lung pressure
Describe soft phonation onset.
- simultaneous VF adduction and exhalation
- vrt of 120ms
Describe breathy phonation onset.
- exhalation begins before VF adduction
- vrt of 190ms
Describe hard phonation onset.
- VF are adducted before phonation begins
- vrt of 23
VF cover vibration
- soft and high-frequency phonation
- cricothyroid contraction
VF body and cover vibration
- high intensities
- lower frequencies
- thyroarytenoid contraction
What is phase?
The point in a cycle at which the waveform begins
Define the speed of sound.
The rate at which the pressure disturbance is transmitted from one particle to the next
What is the difference limen?
The minimal difference between two sounds that can be perceived as having different loudness levels (usually 1 dB)
What is resonance?
A large increase in the amplitude of vibration when a force is applied at a natural frequency of an object or medium
