Midterm IDs

Question 1

Decline of the Roman Empire

Answer 1

Invasions by Germanic tribes 410: Visigoths sacked Rome and 455: Vandals sacked Rome;
Low tax rates;
War;
Power shift to Constantinople;
Culminating in 476 when a Germanic soldier killed the emperor in Rome and became of Italy

Question 2

Legacy of Rome

Answer 2

Latin languages, education system, Roman law, Christianity

Question 3

King Clovis

Answer 3

Born 466 and died 511: united the people, conquered most of Gaul, converted to Christianity

Question 4

Monasticism

Answer 4

An institutionalized practice where members live by a rule. Early forms of it in 320s in the desert (Eremitic: hermit life); St. Benedicts Rule (546) established the basics of monasticism under the Merovingians; cult of saints

Question 5

Charles Martel

Answer 5

(686-741) served as Mayor of the Palace; defeated emir of Cordoba; suppressed many rebellions and ousted the Merovingians

Question 6

King Pippin the Third

Answer 6

(751-768) made the Franco-Papal alliance with Pope Stephen, who crowned him king (legitimizing him), and defended Papal lands against lombards and gave the Papacy land

Question 7

Charlemagne

Answer 7

(768-814) Pope Leo crowned him emperor of the Romans; he headed the Carolingian Renaissance: standardized Christianity, Latin writing, and education

Question 8

Papal power

Answer 8

Bishop of Rome declared in 382 that he was a descendant of St. Peter so he had authority over the other bishops; 450 Pope decreed that through the Doctrine of the Apostolic See that every bishop of Rome had full power; Franco-Papal Alliance gave them power

Question 9

Muhammed

Answer 9

(570-632) He was visited by Archangel Gabriel who told him Allah’s word: the revelations, which Muhammed then told to his followers. His legacy is the Muslim religion, the Qur’an, which has the revelations, and the hadith, which is the guide for how Muslims should live based on how Muhammed lives

Question 10

Islamic Golden Age

Answer 10

(750-1258) Caliphs funded scholarly works from international and multi-religious people, making progress in math, astronomy, medicine and religion. People of religions with a book and one god were still allowed to practice (called dhimmi) as long as the paid the jizya

Question 11

Life in Al-Andalus

Answer 11

People lived together in peace, many languages, many races and many religions

Question 12

Reconquista

Answer 12

(1031-1492) the Christian kings to the North allied with certain taifas to defeat other taifas and Christian kings. Eventually Isabella and Ferdinand united two countries and conquered the rest of Spain. Legacy: Arabic effects on the food, language, music and genetics, still arguments about what “spanish” really means, catalonia is trying to become its own country

Question 13

Norman Conquest of England

Answer 13

1066: King Edward of England died, Englishman Harold took the throne, but then Norman Duke William invaded England and killed Harold to become King of England and Normandy

Question 14

Sicily under King Roger

Answer 14

(1130-1154) (12th century) cultural integration of many different cultures: Byzantines were allowed to practice their own religion as long as they acknowledged the pope as supreme, Muslims and Jews paid a tax to practice their religion

Question 15

Norman Conquest of Italy Significance

Answer 15

William of Hauteville in the 11th century: removed Byzantium from Italy, took Sicily from the Muslims, widened the schism between Latin and Orthodox Christianity, increased western access to Greek and Islamic culture and scholarship

Question 16

Feudalism

Answer 16

A form of social and political organization based on personal ties; between a lord and a vassal; intended to increase security; legacy is seen in anything that involves a contract or heirarchy

Question 17

Manorialism

Answer 17

The relationship between lords and agricultural laborers: the peasants produced food to feed the lords and monks, while the nobles protected the people and the monks prayed for their souls

Question 18

Edict of Milan

Answer 18

(313) legalized Christianity

Question 19

Nicene Creed

Answer 19

(325) condemned Arian Christianity

Question 20

Theodosian Code

Answer 20

(late 4th century) made Christianity the official religion

Question 21

Council of Ephasus

Answer 21

(431) condemned Nestorian Christianity

Question 22

Doctrine of the Apostolic See

Answer 22

(450) announced that every bishop of Rome had full power of St. Peter

Question 23

Council of Chalcedon

Answer 23

(451) concluded that Jesus has 2 natures in 1 body

Question 24

Clovis converted to Christianity

Answer 24

(5th century)

Question 25

Monasticism

Answer 25

(320s: asceticism) then became cenobitic: more community minded

Question 26

Pippin the Third

Answer 26

(751) had Pope Stephen crown him king to legitimize his rule

Question 27

Franco-Papal Alliance

Answer 27

(756) Pippin gave him lands and protected him from the Lombards

Question 28

Charlemagne

Answer 28

(800) was crowned as emperor of the Romans and worked to standardize church practices in monasticism and liturgy

Question 29

Iconoclasm

Answer 29

(726-787 and 814-842) at the command of the emperor

Question 30

Great Schism

Answer 30

1054

Question 31

Muhammed

Answer 31

(570-632)

Question 32

Umayyad caliphate

Answer 32

(661-750) in Damascus, and then only surviving member fled to Iberia and ruled 750-1000s

Question 33

Abbasid Caliphate

Answer 33

(750-1258) in Baghdad

Question 34

Papal election decree

Answer 34

(1059) cardinals gather to choose the next pope

Question 35

Lay investiture conflict

Answer 35

(1075-1085) Gregory VII and Henry IV fight over who has the right to appoint church officials to office: ends with cordant of worms, where Henry's son gives up the right

Question 36

Second Laterin Council

Answer 36

(1125) celibacy for clergy members becomes church law