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HE100 > Midterm- Lessons > Flashcards

Midterm- Lessons Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention of disease

A

actions/ behaviours designed to prevent health problems from arising- target whole populations; immunization, safe sex

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2
Q

Secondary prevention of disease

A

early recognition and intervention to eliminate or reduce symptoms before more serious illness develops- targets “at risk” individuals; diet intervention for ↑ blood sugar, smoking cessation

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3
Q

Tertiary prevention of disease

A

treatment or rehabilitation efforts aimed at limiting the effects of disease- targets patients; chemotherapy, bypass surgery

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4
Q

Health inequity is found in…

A

race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, disability, sexual orientation

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5
Q

Benefits of optimal health on individual level

A
  • ↑life expectancy, quality of life (QOL)
  • ↑physiological function, energy
  • improved physical appearance
  • improve self-esteem, positive outlook
  • enhanced relationship
  • ↑ ability to manage stress
  • ↑ capacity to cope with life’s challenge
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6
Q

Benefits of optimal health on global level

A
  • ↓direct medical care costs
  • ↓ indirect costs associated with poor health
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7
Q

What is health?

A

“health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

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8
Q

health vs wellness

A
  • Health: the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve individual potential in the health dimensions
  • Wellness: achieving one’s potential in each of the health components
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9
Q

what are the 7 health dimensions

A

physical, social, intellectual, emotional, occupations, environmental, spiritual

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10
Q

physical health

A

body size, shape, functioning, susceptibility to disease, ability to perform ADL

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11
Q

social health

A

capacity for satisfying relationships, successful interactions, communication

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12
Q

intellectual health

A

ability to think clearly, reason objectively and make responsible decisions

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13
Q

emotional health

A

ability to express emotions effectively and appropriately, self-esteem, trust

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14
Q

occupational health

A

satisfaction from career, career development, work/life balance

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15
Q

environmental health

A

appreciation of one’s external environment, concern for preserving, protecting and improving

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16
Q

spiritual health

A

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one’s life, strength and hope

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17
Q

Life expectancy

A

number of years a person can be expected to live based on their birth year

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18
Q

morbidity vs mortality

A

morbidity: another term for illness or disease
mortality: another term for death

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19
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases of a specific condition in a specific population within a specific time period likelihood of being
- diagnosed with a specific condition in a specified time

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20
Q

prevalence

A

total number of cases of a specific condition existing in a specific population within a specific time period

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21
Q

acute vs chronic

A

Acute- condition symptoms appear and change or worsen rapidly; heart attack
chronic- condition develops or worsens over an extended period of time

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22
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. Can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
- E.g.hepatitus, malaria, STIs

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23
Q

non-infectious disease

A

medical conditions or diseases which cannot be transmitted person to person
e.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer

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24
Q

non modifable vs modifiable risk factors

A

Non-modifiable risk factors: risk factors that cannot be manipulated or changed
e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, genetics
Modifiable risk factors: those we can do something about
e.g. diet, physical,

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25
Readiness for change
Precontemplation (Not thinking about it yet) contemplation preparation action maintenance
26
Factors affecting chaneg
predisposing, enabling, reinforcing
27
predisposing factors
- factors that predispose us to certain conditions and are likely to lead to certain behaviours; habits from family
28
enabling factors
factors that make health decisions more convenient or more difficult; access to resources
29
reinforcing factors
support or lack if support from significant other, situations, that shape behaviour; public policy
30
what do the ABC's of behaviour stand for
Antecedents, behaviour, consequences
31
6 behaviour-changing techniques
shaping, visualizing, modelling, controlling te situation, reinforcement, changing self-talk
32
Behaviour Change Techniques - shaping
-developing behaviour in small steps - keep steps small and realistic - be flexible but systematic - reward yourself for meeting short and long-term goals - healthy eating
33
Behaviour Change Techniques- visualizing
- imagined rehearsal - mental practice increases preparedness example: marathon run
34
Behaviour Change Techniques- modelling
-careful observation of others -model behaviour after proven success example: presentation skills
35
Behaviour Change Techniques- controlling the situation
-situational inducement -placement in right situation or group example: smoking cessation
36
Behaviour Change Techniques-reinforcement
positive incentives highly individual Tangible rewards, enjoyable activities, social
37
Behaviour Change Techniques- changing self-talk
altering internal dialogue identify, challenge and replace negative thoughts “blocking” or thought stopping self instructions and positive affirmations
38
SMART
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound
39
4 determinants of health
social and economical environment, personal health behaviours, physical environments, biology and genetics
40
5 things involved in social and economical environment
SES, ethnicity/culture, social support, health services, public policy
41
5 things involved in personal health behaviours
diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, coping skill
42
4 things involved in biology and genetics
genetic endowment, gender, prenatal care, healthy child development
43
4 things involved in physical environment
Airborne contaminants, secondhand smoke contaminated water(drinking, washing) unsafe food supply safe housing, workplaces, communities
44
2 causes of mood disorders
- endogenous: caused from inside the body, chemical change in the brain -exogenous: caused from outside the body, response to event
45
SAD (seasonal affected disorder)
depression occurring in the winter months associates with low levels of sunlight
46
Postpartum depression
after delivery of baby, associates with family, biology (hormones), personality, life experiences, environment (supports)
47
Bipolar Disorder
alternating episodes of mania & depression
48
GDA (generalized anxiety disorder)
chronic and debilitating anxiety or worry out of proportion to actual risk
49
Social anxiety disorder
most common of all anxiety disorders fear of being appraised or judged negatively out of proportion to situation
50
Panic disorder
Sudden onset of disabling fear intense episodes that come “out of the blue” “Fight or flight” response is activated
51
Phobias
intense and persistent fear of something very specific considerable distress leads to avoidance behaviour
52
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Unwanted thoughts, images, impulses (obsessions) disturbing, cause anxiety need to perform certain acts or behaviours
53
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
follows exposure to a traumatic event
54
psychosis
loss of contact with reality difficulty distinguishing what is real, and what is not real
55
Schizophrenia
alterations of the senses, inability to inability, altered sense of self
56
Treatment protocols
lifestyles modification, talk therapies, medication, life skill training
57
lifestyle modification
eating healthy, pa, stress manegment, sleep, treatment for subtance abuse
58
talk therapies
psychotherapy - cognitive-behaviour therapy individual, group or family therapy psychoeducation Social support
59
medications
antidepressants, anti-anxiety Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics
60
life skills training
social skills, academic/employment counselling, housing
61
2 types of stress
eustress- positive stress distress- a negative stress
62
homeostasis
state of physical and mental balance in which all of the body's systems function smoothly Physiology and psychology equilibrium
63
alarm phase
Homeostasis is disrupted\sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares for “fight or flight” Releases epinephrine Increases HR, BR,
64
Resistance Phase
Body reacts to stressors to regain homeostasis\parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) Slows systems stimulated by stress response
65
Exhaustion phase
Energy used for stress response is depleted Short-term stress - energy os replenished Chronic stress; depletes adaptive energy stores and may lead to burnout or serious illness
66
stress direct effects on health
stress produces physiological and psychological changes promoting the development of illness
67
stress interactive effects on health
stress interacts with pre-existing physical and psychological vulnerabilities
68
7 approaches for studying the body
body planes and body directions body cavities body quadrants and regions anatomy and physiology microscopic to macroscopic body systems medical specialties
69
3 body planes
coronal, sagittal plane, transverse plane
70
coronal plane
Vertical plane - divides body into front & back sections
71
sagittal plane
Vertical plane- divides body into right & left sections
72
medially vs lateral
medially- Moving from the side of the body toward the midline laterally- Moving from the midline toward the side of the body
73
transverse plane
Horizontal plane- divides the body into upper & lower sections the upper half of the body is the superior section, the lower half is inferior
74
cephalad vs cauded direction
cephalad- Moving toward the head is moving in a superior direction, or superiorly cauded-Moving toward the tailbone is moving in an inferior direction, or inferiorly
75
proximal vs distal
proximal- towards the body distal- away from body
76
superficial vs deep
supericial - external deep- internal
77
what is disease?
change in the structure or the function of the body
78
idiopathic
having no cure
79
congenital
caused by an abnormality in developing fetus or abnormal process in pregnancy/childbirth
80
herediary
genetic inheritance
81
degenerative
progressive disease over time
82
infectious
caused by a pathogen
83
neoplastic
caused by the growth of a tumour or mass
84
iatrogenic
caused by medical treatment
85
diagnosis
dentification & description of the nature and cause of a disease or condition
86
sign vs symptom
symptoms- change in health status experienced by patient sign- symptom seen or detected by others
87
process of diagnosis
symptoms --> history--> clinical exam--> diagnosis-->
88
evaluation of presenting signs and symptoms
Talk to your patients inspection, palpation, ausculation & percussion Vital signs Anthropometric measures
89
prognosis
- predicted outcome Progression of disease prospect for recovery

HE100 (10 decks)

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