nutrition

Question 1

nutrition

Answer 1

a study of the relationship between essential elements of foods and physiological function

Question 2

nutrients

Answer 2

chemical substances in food

Question 3

nutrition used by the body to:

Answer 3

1. provide energy and structural materials
2. support growth, maintenance and repair of tissues
3. prevent diseases of malnutrition

Question 4

6 classes of nutrients

Answer 4

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water

Question 5

macronutrients

Answer 5

water, protein, fat, carbohydrate- energy yielding nutrients

Question 6

Micronutrients

Answer 6

vitamins and minerals

Question 7

what do we need more of macro vs micro?

Answer 7

we need larger amounts of macronutirents

Question 8

what is energy measured in

Answer 8

kilocalories (kcals)

Question 9

vitamins

Answer 9

organic nutrients required by the body to perform specific vital functions and to support optimal health

Question 10

how many vitamins are there

Answer 10

13

Question 11

are vitamins stored in the body

Answer 11

no, must be supplied frequently

Question 12

what vitamins are water soluable

Answer 12

B-complex and vitamin C

Question 13

fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 13

A, D, E, K

Question 14

roles of vitamins

Answer 14

Growth & development
healthy nerve and skin cells
new cell synthesis e.g. blood cells
build bones and teeth
Immune function
support the production of energy

Question 15

sources of vitamins

Answer 15

Vegetables and fruit, whole/fortified grains, meats, dairy, eggs, legumes, nuts/seeds

Question 16

are minerals organic or inorganic

Answer 16

inorganic

Question 17

how many minerals are essential

Answer 17

16

Question 18

where are minerals found

Answer 18

bones, teeth and body fluids

Question 19

example of major vs trace minerals

Answer 19

calcium vs iron

Question 20

roles of minerals

Answer 20

regulation of several important body functions
Fluid balance, acid/base balance, immune function, body temperature, metabolic
nerve & muscle function, healthy bones & teeth
Oxygen transport

Question 21

sources of minerals

Answer 21

meats, dairy, eggs, legumes, nuts/seeds, vegetables & fruit, whole/fortified grains

Question 22

What are the minerals of concern

Answer 22

sodium, calcium, iron

Question 23

what does excessive sodium intake lead to

Answer 23

contributes to hypertension, calcium loss

Question 24

calcium RDA

Answer 24

1000mg/day

Question 25

sodium recommendation

Answer 25

1500mg/day

Question 26

sources of calcium

Answer 26

dairy, salmon, nuts, veggies

Question 27

what is iron required for

Answer 27

oxygen transport

Question 28

iron RDA

Answer 28

8/day (M), 18/day (F)

Question 29

sources of iron

Answer 29

red meat, eggs, legumes, tofu, leafy greens

Question 30

Difficiency in Vitmins/minerals

Answer 30

minor symptoms to a major illness

Question 31

why are whole foods better

Answer 31

better absorbed Additive and synergistic effects lower risk of toxicity a well-balanced diet should eliminate the need for supplements for most people

Question 32

water

Answer 32

is an abundant essential nutrient

Question 33

roles of water

Answer 33

Transport system to and from body tissues regulates body temperature, blood volume, pH balance participates in metaboic reaction Lubricates and cushions many parts of body

Question 34

food choices are influenced by what factors

Answer 34

Family traditions - what you know and like Social factors- special occasions, social pressure cultural influences - ethnic and religious beliefs Practical considerations - time, money, food availability knowledge -food preperation, nutrition

Question 35

carbohydrates

Answer 35

sugar units (saccarhides)

Question 36

role of carbohydrates

Answer 36

supply body with energy

Question 37

Increase consumption of “added” sugars can be harmful by:

Answer 37

Displacing intake of important nutrients contributing to obesity

Question 38

triglicerides

Answer 38

most common - 95% dietary lipids chains of carbon & hydrogen

Question 39

saturated vs unsaturated

Answer 39

saturated: carry maximum number of hydrogens Solid at room temperature (animal fats) unsaturated: missing some hydrogens (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated)

Question 40

roles of fat

Answer 40

provide the body with energy insulation: maintain body temp, protect vital organs structural component of cell membranes transfer of fat-solubke, hormones in & out of cells Precursors for several important body compounds

Question 41

protien

Answer 41

major component of most cells chains of amino acids arranged in sequence 22 in total 9 are “essential”

Question 42

roles of protein

Answer 42

building materials - growth and repair regulation of several body functions antibodies, enzymes, hormones, transport,fluid balance and pH balance

Question 43

inadequate protein

Answer 43

breakdown of several important body functions - e.g. immune response severe, prolonged deficiency - Protein-energy malnutrition