Midterm ( Massage Theory + Practice )

Question 1

Claudius Galen

Answer 1

Claudius Galen, known in english as Galen, was a Greek Physician who built on the theories of Hippocrates. He moved to Rome where he lectured, conducted experiments on animals to develop his understanding of anatomy, and wrote 22 volumes. Wrote The Elements According to Hippocrates

Question 2

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 2

Propriocepters that monitor muscle tension and tendon strain

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

The relative constancy of the body’s internal environment maintained by adaptive responses in spite of changing environmental conditions

Question 4

Palpation

Answer 4

Data obtained through touch based on the client’s tissue textures, tone, temperature, and hydration

Question 5

Gate Theory

Answer 5

Pyschologist Rondald Melzack + Patrick wall introduced the gate control theory of pain management in a paper published in Science magazine. They believed that the spinal cord had a gating mechanism whereby nerve fibers carrying somatic stimuli relating to touch, temperature, pressure, or movement can “close the gate” to dull aching pain information traveling to the brain.

Question 6

Per Henrik Ling

Answer 6

An austrian credited with creating Medical gymnastics, built on the work of many people to to develop a structured movement system called swedish gymnastics

Question 7

Douglas Graham

Answer 7

began publishing articles using Mezger’s terminology, where the term “massage” was first used. Considered by some to be the “Father of Swedish Massage”

Question 8

Johann Metzer

Answer 8

Coined the terms : effleurage, petrissage, etc

named the strokes

Question 9

Aesculapius

Answer 9

“God of Medicine” founded the first gymnasium- places devoted to excercise, massage, and baths

Question 10

Hippocrates

Answer 10

“Father of Medicine” He esteemed the use of daily massage and designated the term “anatripsis” to mean the art of rubbing a body part TOWARD the heart

Question 11

Effleurage ( What tissue does it come in contact with? Does it Lift or compress? )

Answer 11

• compresses and stretches skin, broadens tissue

* Superficial tissue

Question 12

Petrissage ( Tissue and lift or compress? )

Answer 12

• Lifts tissue

* Deep Tissue

Question 13

Friction ( Tissue and lift or compress? )

Answer 13

• Compress Tissue

* Deep Tissue

Question 14

Vibration ( Tissue and lift or compress? )

Answer 14

• Compress?

* Deep Tissue

Question 15

Tapotement ( Tissue and lift or compress? )

Answer 15

• Stimulates Tissue

* Superficial

Question 16

What country can we thank for developing Shiatsu?

Answer 16

Japan

Question 17

Variations of Effleurage

Answer 17

Gliding, Fanning, Shingling

Question 18

Variations of Petrissage

Answer 18

Kneading, Fulling, Rolling

Question 19

Variations of Friction

Answer 19

Compression, Cross Fiber, Linear, Circular

Question 20

Variations of Tapotement

Answer 20

Hacking, Pounding, Cupping

Question 21

Varations of Vibration

Answer 21

Jostling, Shaking, Trembling

Question 22

Variations of Swedish Gymnastics

Answer 22

Passive, Active, Resistive

Question 23

Difference Physiological Effects : Mechanical vs Reflexive

Answer 23

Mechanical or primary effects are those we create manually, such as stretching a muscle. They are the body changes that we, as practitioners directly cause.

Reflexive or secondary effects occur as a result of our massage but which we do not create manually. They are indirect responses to touch that affect body functions and tissues through the nervous or energy systems of the body.

Question 24

Mechanical Effects Effleurage

Answer 24

Compresses and stretches skin, broadens tissue, moves venous fluids, moves local lymphatic fluids, reduces edema, aids local circulation by moving fluids/waste products, warm superficial tissue, and desquamation of skin cells

Question 25

Mechanical Effects Petrissage

Answer 25

warms skin and deeper tissues, stretches and broadens muscles, stretches vessels (veins and lymphatics), improves local circulation, moves local interstitial fluids, helps break-up and or prevent adhesions

Question 26

Mechanical Effects Friction

Answer 26

temporary ischema, compresses and spreads muscle fibers, loosens fascial adhesions

Question 27

Mechanical Effects Vibration

Answer 27

stimulates synovial activity, loosens muscle fibers, loosens joint ligaments

Question 28

Mechanical Effects Tapotement

Answer 28

increases gaseous exchange (coughing), cupping over the thorax loosens mucous, tapping over the sinuses loosens mucous

Question 29

Reflexive Effleurage

Answer 29

Relaxing- elicits para sympathetic response, decreases heart rate, general vasodilation- blood vessels widen, increases endorphins, can decrease pain

Question 30

Reflexive Petrissage

Answer 30

encourages relaxation when performed slowly, encourages stimulation when performed rapidly, affects proprioception, increases peristalsis over abdomen, increases elimination of metabolic waste

Question 31

Reflexive Friction

Answer 31

Hyperemia, decreases local/referred pain (gate theory), relaxes muscles (golgi tendon organ), increases peristalsis, increases circulation, increases flexibility, increases muscle function

Question 32

Reflexive Vibration

Answer 32

Penetrating nerve stimulation, stimulates organs (when applied over the abdomen or low back), (jostling) decreases muscle guarding, reduces pain (gate theory), hyperemia, increases circulation

Question 33

Reflexive Tapotement

Answer 33

Stimulates muscles, nerve stimulation, stimulates organs, stimulates skin, vessels, etc., hyperemia, increases circulation

Question 34

C/I's Effleurage

Answer 34

Acute inflammation, pitted edema, newly formed scar tissue, very hairy skin, hyperesthesia (ticklish)

Question 35

C/I's Petrissage

Answer 35

Atrophied muscles (when muscles waste away), flaccid paralysis (a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause, recent injuries

Question 36

C/I's Friction

Answer 36

recent acute injuries, neuritis (inflammation of a nerve), rheumatoid arthritis, and any contraindication associated to effleurage or petrissage is also a contraindication to friction except for hairy skin and hyperesthesia

Question 37

C/I's Vibration

Answer 37

muscle spasm, spastic paralysis, insomnia, neuralgia- nerve pain, fatigue, over the low abdomen during pregnancy or mensutration, over the kidneys

Question 38

C/I's Tapotement

Answer 38

muscle spasm, spastic paralysis, insomnia, neuralgia- nerve pain, fatigue, over the low abdomen during pregnancy or mensturation, over the kidneys

Question 39

C/I's of Swedish Gymnastics

Answer 39

Tear to a ligament, tendon or muscle, acute injuries, unhealed fracture, post-surgery, heart conditions

Question 40

Mechanical Effect Swedish Gymnastics

Answer 40

Stretches muscle tissue + related soft tissue, increases flexibility and ROM at a specific joint, increases blood suppy and nutrition to joints and muscles, removes lymph and waste (with movement- mostly with active ROM), loosens adhesions by working the muslce/ movement

Question 41

Reflexive Effects Swedish Gymnastics

Answer 41

Stimulates the nervous system, increases blood and body temperature, tones muscles

Question 42

Caustic to Most Caustic : | sterilization, antiseptics, disinfectants, fungicides

Answer 42

?

Question 43

Two branches of autonomic nervous system

Answer 43

``` Sympathetic = flight or fight Parasympathetic = relax ```

Question 44

Types of Swedish Gymnastics

Answer 44

Active = Client performs movement while therapist observes. Verbal instructions are given to client Passive = Client totally relaxed while performing movement Resistive= Client resists LMP's movement for healing purposes

Question 45

Which movement assesses strength best?

Answer 45

Resistive

Question 46

S of Soap

Answer 46

Subjective information In client's words. Symptom, Location, Intensity, Duration, Frequency, and Onset

Question 47

O of Soap

Answer 47

Objective Information Findings, Palpable visual results. Techniques/Modalities, Location/Duration, Response to Treatment

Question 48

A of Soap

Answer 48

Includes SMART Goals Specific, Measureable, Attainable, Relevant, Time Bound Goals

Question 49

P of Soap

Answer 49

Treatment plan for LMP and Homework for Client Future Treatment/Frequency

Question 50

Isometric contraction

Answer 50

in an isometic contraction, tension is generated, but the joint angle and muscle length do not change. Isometric contractions are important because they are used to stabilize joints such as when an object is held in a fixed position. For example, pushing the hands against a wall causes an isometric contraction because the tension increases in the arm muscles but their length stays the same

Question 51

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 51

this is a muscle contraction in which muscle length and joint angle are changed in response to the tension generated in the muscle. Eccentric and concentric contractions are two different isotonic contractions

Question 52

Concentric Contraction

Answer 52

Concentric contraction occurs when the muscle shortens

Question 53

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 53

eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens

Question 54

Endangerment Sites

Answer 54

Triangle of Neck, Axilla, Around Elbow, Delto Pectoral Region, Close to Eyes, Temporomandibular Joint, Xiphoid Process, Femoral Triangle, Peroneal Nerve, Foramen Magnum, Kidney Area, Popliteal Region, Spine and SI Joints