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Midterm old test questions Flashcards

1
Q

Poultry

3 ways disease spreads

A
  1. people
  2. equipment
  3. vehicles
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2
Q

Poultry

Method not acceptable for dz resistance

A

natural exposure and recovery

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3
Q

Poultry

Acceptable feed conversion for broilers

A

1-2 ( think)

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4
Q

Poultry

Type of lymphocytes in birds

A
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgG
  • IgB
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5
Q

Poultry

When cleaning a vehicle

A
  • spray the whole vehicle, not just the tires
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6
Q

Poultry

Post outbreak safety for new flock

A

not less than 2 weeks

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7
Q

Poultry

Ventilation

A
  • Cool fresh air required
  • avoid re-circulation
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8
Q

Poultry

Important biosecurity measure

A

proper footbath

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9
Q

Comp animal

Priority handling

A
  1. puppies and kittens
  2. preggos
  3. young adults
  4. healthy adults
  5. quarantined patients
  6. isolated/sick patients
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10
Q

comp animal

Critical period and vaccines

A
  • continue to booster during critical period
    • uncertainty of time of decline of maternal antibodies
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11
Q

comp animal

Adjuvants (2 points)

A
  • inc duration and immunostimulation
  • cause fibrosarcoma in cats
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12
Q

Comp animal

Zoonotic diseases of shelters

A
  1. rabies
  2. bordetella (zoonotic)
  3. leptospirosis
  4. lyme dz….?
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13
Q

comp animal

Advantages of inactivated vaccines

(3 bullets)

A
  • don’t replicate in host
  • no reversion to virulence
  • safer on immunosuppressed or neonates
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14
Q

comp animal

Disadvantages of inactivated vaccines

(4 points)

A
  • requires more vaccines
  • inc allergic reactions because of inc Ag mass
  • requires adjuvant
  • shorter duration of action
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15
Q

comp animal

K9 distemper

A
  • shed in body secretions
  • aerosol exposure (primary)
  • young dog groups
  • labile hours to days
  • shed 1-2 days post recovery (….?)
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16
Q

Comp animal

Lepto vax

A
  • tends to cause anaphylaxis
    • treat anapylaxis and d’c use
  • reduces incidence and severity, not carrier state
  • avoid in min Dachshunds
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17
Q

comp animal

Core canine vaccines

A
  1. distemper (adenovirus)
  2. parvo
  3. infectious K9 hepatitis
  4. rabies
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18
Q

comp animal

Core feline vaccines

A
  1. panleukopenia
  2. herpes
  3. calici
  4. rabies
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19
Q

Poultry

Commercial broilers marketed at 38 days old, therefore producers rely on what to prevent disease

A
  1. biosecurity
  2. vaccines
  3. maternal antibodies

*Not natural field exposure (no time for this)

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20
Q

Poultry

List types of vaccines in order from most to least resonse

A
  1. Fine spray
  2. Coarse spray
  3. eye drops
  4. water
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21
Q

Poultry

spread of disease to poultry farms not by

A

wind/airborne

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22
Q

Poultry

When visiting several broiler flocks in one day it’s important to

A
  1. consider even healthy appearing flocks diseased
  2. shedule visits to young flocks first

*DO NOT BYPASS FOOT BATHS EVER

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23
Q

Poultry

Correct biosecurity practices

A
  1. improve ventilation to reduce loss from disease
  2. footbaths
  3. downtime (between successive flock visits)

*Vehicles may not be driven onto premises if ONLY tires are disinfected

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24
Q

Poultry

Vaccination procedures….

A
  1. Vaccines may be administered by several different routes including in ovo, spray, eye drop, wing web, water
  2. Vaccination programs vary significantly from farm to farm, even within a state
  3. Breeder vaccinations are more complete to protect progeny and fertile eggs

*Broilers DO need to be vaccinated even tho they only live a short period of time (IBD, IBV, NDV in the US)

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25
Poultry Cannabalism can be controlled by
1. trimming tip of beak 2. reducing light intensity 3. reducing placement density 4. increasing protein levels in feed ## Footnote \*Increasing body weight of flock DOES NOT reduce cannabalism
26
Poultry Disease prevention in broiler production is the goal because
broiler lifespan is short and doesn't permit time for recovery
27
Poultry Susceptibility to an infectious disease depends on
1. resistance of the bird 2. virulence of dz organism 3. dosage of organism to which bird is exposed (biosecurity) ## Footnote \*DOES NOT depend on environmental humidity
28
comp animal The critical period for susceptibility for young animals is
time between waning maternal antibodies and active immunity
29
Comp animal Feline upper respiratory dz
* cage fronts should be at least 4 feet apart to prevent transmission * vaccination begins at 6-8 weeks and repeated every 2-4 weeks until 12-14 weeks of age * unwashed hands are primary fomite for transmission ## Footnote \* Recovery from infection DOES NOT result in lifetime immunity
30
Comp animal Kennel cough
1. using intranasal parainfluencza/bordetella vaccine stimulates local IgA and avoids problems with maternal antibody interference 2. Kennel ventilation of 12-15 air exchange per hour helps reduce tx of dz 3. kennel cough can be caused by several organisms that can include CAV-2 and canine distemper ## Footnote \*When vaccinating dogs less than 5 lbs you SHOULD NOT use only 1/2 the total dose of vaccine
31
Comp animal High-titer (attenuated vaccines)
* this vaccine overrides maternal antibodies sooner than the conventional parvo virus vaccines * most dogs are protected by 12-16 weeks of age * vaccine has 100-fold more parvo virus than conventional vaccines ## Footnote \*false answer: Vaccine should only be given to dogs at least 16 weeks old
32
Comp animal Kennel Cough
* using an intranasal parainfluenza/bordetella vaccine stimulates local IgA and avoids problems with maternal antibody interference ## Footnote \*Parental parainfluenza virus vaccine DOES NOT protect against virus shedding as well as clinical dz
33
Comp animal vax most likely responsible for an immediate hypersensitivity rxn with anaphylaxis and/or an urticarial reaction
Leptospirosis bacterin vaccine
34
Comp animal Feline leukemia virus vaccine
* Only high risk outdoor cats should be vaccinated * bites are the primary method of transmission of FeLV virus (oronasal) * FeLV vaccinated cats will test positive on an Elisa test but not an IFA test ## Footnote \*FeLV neg cats CANNOT be vaccinated at \< 9 weeks boostered in 3-4 weeks
35
Poultry Flies and dz control
* flies are NOT responsible for transmitting dz between poultry farms as far as 8 miles apart
36
Poultry Correct order of US per-capital meat consumption from most to least
* chicken * beef * pork * fish
37
Poultry Coccidiosis
* common intestinal parasite * controlled by drugs and vaccines * exposure of young chickens to small amounts of sprayed oocyts
38
Poultry Can't read question but correct answers are all of the above
* acute, highly contagious virus with respiratory signs, renal disease and decreased egg production * nephrotoxic strain associated with high mortality * Paired acute and convalescent serum can be useful in showing immune response * PCR to ID * MLV vaccine must contain serotype of virus in the area
39
Poultry Fowl pox
* Cutaneous form is prodominant in most outbreaks * Diptheric form affects upper respiratory or digestive tract * Intracytoplasmic inclusions * prevented by vaccines * mosquitos and direct contact can spread the virus
40
Poultry Ascites in chickens
* metabolic disease * caused by poor genetics * can be controlled by good management practices ## Footnote \*NOT CAUSED by E. Coli
41
Dairy Group syndrome
collection of diseases with a common characteristic (the major sign)
42
Dairy 3 requirements of dairy calf housing
1. clean and dry 2. good ventilation 3. Prevention of calf to calf contact
43
Dairy Serum total protein that indicates failure of passive transfer
\< 50g/L
44
Dairy Two most important variables involved in a successful colostrum management program
1. Time at which colostrum is administered 2. amount of colostrum fed to neonatal calf
45
Dairy Blitz treatment
* Treatment for strep ag positive animals only * Post-milking teat disinfection * Dry cow Ab therpy * Tx of ALL STREP AG POSITIVE 1/4s
46
Dairy 95% of all mastitis is due to
* strep ag * staph aureus * strep uberis * strep dysgalactia * coloforms
47
Dairy Environmental stress in dairy cattle
* cattle susceptible to head stress since they don't sweat
48
Dairy Heat stress and reproductive performance
* Estrus periods inc in length but behavoiral signs are less intense making heat detection difficult
49
Beef Acceptable goals between two bovine managers can be explained by
1. nutritional resources 2. product marketing 3. production environment 4. production cycle ## Footnote \*NOT reproductive physiology
50
Beef Potential disease challenges
1. Subclinical herd disease 2. Reproductive and fetal-development disease 3. Survival and development disease 4. Neonatal disease ## Footnote \*NOT chronic wasting disease
51
Beef What info can generally be found on vaccine label?
1. dosage, route of admin 2. storage and disposal 3. warnings and indications 4. shelf life and withdrawel period ## Footnote \*Half-life and chemical structure generally NOT found on vaccine label
52
Beef When selecting a site for injection good rule of thumb
* select a site least apt to cause tissue damage
53
Beef Disinfectant on syringes may cause
* inactivation of modified live vaccines
54
Beef To obtain highest possible price for calves producers must produce calves that are
* healthy and stay healthy
55
Beef A healthy animal/herd exists when
* resistence levels of the animals remains above disease challenge level
56
Beef Using MLV in cattle under 4 months old
may be neutralized by maternal antibody, leaving the calf susceptible
57
Comp animal Immunoprphylaxis
enhance specific immune response to protect animal from dz
58
Comp animal Vacc does not equal immunity b/c
* host vactors * vaccine factors * human factors
59
Comp animal Which vacc has highest risk of inducing fibrosarc in cats?
Killed product with high amount of adjuvant and Ag ie: rabies vaccine
60
comp animal MLV advantages (5)
1. replicate in host 2. rapid protection 3. lwr antigen mass = less rxn 4. longer immunity 5. better stim of CMI
61
Comp animal MLV disadvantages (2)
1. reversion to virulence 2. immunosuppresion
62
Comp animal Killed vax advantages (2)
1. no replication in host 2. no reversion to virulence
63
Comp animal Killed vx disadvantages (4)
* \> allergic rxn * requires adjuvant * shorter duration of immunity * requires \> # boosters
64
Comp animal Why do feline Herpes and Calici virus vaxes not work well?
* Only lessens clinical signs (doesn't prevent disease)
65
Comp animal How is canine distemper transmitted
* primary secretions = aerosol * virus sheds 1-2 weeks post CS

P & P (Midterm) (8 decks)

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