Midterm One

Question 1

reticular theory

Answer 1

golgi. continuum of protoplasmic links

Question 2

neuron doctrine

Answer 2

ramon y Cajal. discrete entities communicating at specialized contact: synapses

Question 3

CNS glia

Answer 3

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia

Question 4

PNS glia

Answer 4

schwann cells

Question 5

dendrite

Answer 5

neuron input

Question 6

soma

Answer 6

integrates input

Question 7

axon

Answer 7

generates output

Question 8

one axon can contact lots of different neurons this is called

Answer 8

divergence

Question 9

multiple dendrites of a neuron receive multiple connections this is called

Answer 9

convergence

Question 10

three main obvious parts of brain

Answer 10

cerebellum, brainstem, cerebrum

Question 11

meninges

Answer 11

3 layers of tissue that cover and protect brain

Question 12

meninges layers

Answer 12

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 13

____ reveals precise and subtle details of regional specialization in brain

Answer 13

fMRI

Question 14

axial plane

Answer 14

horizontal

Question 15

coronal plane

Answer 15

frontal (upright)

Question 16

sagittal plane

Answer 16

sideways

Question 17

white matter is

Answer 17

myelinated

Question 18

the cell’s interior is ________ relative to the exterior

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

action potentials

Answer 19

all or none, elementary unit nerve pulses

Question 20

graded potentials

Answer 20

gradient in magnitude of response

Question 21

excitatory neurons

Answer 21

release Ach, glutatmate

Question 22

inhibitory neurons

Answer 22

release GABA, glycine

Question 23

what happens when you block VG K channels

Answer 23

AP is prolonged

Question 24

what happens if you block VGSC inactivation gate

Answer 24

AP prolonged

Question 25

in AP's, what encodes stimulus strength

Answer 25

frequency

Question 26

in graded potentials, what encodes stimulus strength

Answer 26

amplitude (size)

Question 27

the skin has specialized nerve endings for three things

Answer 27

mechanosensation, pain, temperature

Question 28

receptor potentials are _____ potentials

Answer 28

graded

Question 29

the AP flows directionally down the axon due to

Answer 29

serial activation of Na channels

Question 30

TTX blocks APS by blocking

Answer 30

VGSC's

Question 31

neurotransmitters are released in discrete packets called

Answer 31

quanta

Question 32

____ entry is essential to trigger NT release

Answer 32

calcium

Question 33

the SNARE complex

Answer 33

regulates fusion between vesicle membrane and plasma membrane

Question 34

NMDA receptors

Answer 34

blocked by MG2+ ion unless membrane depolarized, calcium (and Na/K) permeable

Question 35

synaptotagmin is _____ sensor

Answer 35

calcium

Question 36

tri synaptic prime circuit

Answer 36

dentate gyrus ca3 ca1

Question 37

specificity in synapses

Answer 37

one is active one is not

Question 38

associativity in synapses

Answer 38

2+ synapses, one strongly stimulated, one not

Question 39

hebbian rules

Answer 39

neurons fire together wire together