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midterm prep Flashcards

1
Q

perxisomes

A 
structure - membranous sacs of catalase and oxidose enzymes 
function - detoxify number of toxic substances - CATALASE breaks down HYDROGEN PEROXIDE  (liver of the cell )
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2
Q

golgi apparatus

A 
structure - a stack of flattened membranes and vesicles 
function - packages, modifies and segregates for protein secretion
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3
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A 
structure - membranous system of tubules, free of ribosomes 
function - site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification
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4
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A 
structure - membranous system enclosing cavity externally studded to ribosomes 
function - sugar groups are attached to proteins, synthesize phospholipids
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5
Q

ribosomes

A 
structure - dense particles made of RNA and protein fee or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum 
function –
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6
Q

fibroblasts

A

make up fibres

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7
Q

dendritic cells

A

found in the skin
aid in immunity
kill bacteria

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8
Q

anatomy is

A

the study of the structure of the human body

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9
Q

what are the cavities of the body

A

dorsal and ventral

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10
Q

what are the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity

A

thoracic = mediastum (in-between the heart and lungs)
pleural (lungs)
pericardial (heart)
Abdominal pelvic = abdominal and pelvic

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11
Q

what are the membranes in the ventral cavity

A

p.v.v.p - parietal - is the outside covering where visceral is the part that lines the organ

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12
Q

tissue

A

a collection of cells working together for a common function

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13
Q

types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

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14
Q

GC of Epithelial tissue

A 
ET and Peter Really Likes Candy 
Polarity - differences in surfaces 
Regeneration - cells are constantly replacing due to continuous loss 
Lacks blood vessels 
cells are Close fitting
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15
Q

what are the 5 functions of epithelial tissue

A 
protection 
excretion 
secretion 
absorption 
filtration
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16
Q

simple squamous epithelium (sse)

A

function - absorption
diffusion
location - lungs (alveoli) used in diffusion
appearance - single layer
squished nucleus
“fried egg”

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17
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A 
function -        secretion 
                        absorption 
location -        kidney tubules
                        found in glands 
appearance - single layer
                        square cell
                        round nucleus in the middle of the cell
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18
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

function - secretion
absorption
location - digestive tract - due to microvilli
appearance - has goblet cells
tall long cells
nucleus 1/3 of the cell
oval, bottom nucleus

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19
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

function - protection
location - epidermis
appearance - multiple layers

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20
Q

pseudo stratified epithelium

A

function - secretion
protection
location - trachea
appearance - has cilia
goblet cells present
all cells attached to basement membrane
not all cells reach the free surface

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21
Q

transitional epithelium

A

function - able to expand
location - bladder
appearance - cells go from small to big

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22
Q

GC for connective tissue

A 
Chris Tucker Blows Every Mans Member 
CT BEMM
Blood vessels (many to few)
ECM - where Everything sits 
Mesenchyme - all derived from 
Many different cells (fibroblast, chrondroblasts)
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23
Q

5 Functions of connective tissues

A 
protection 
insulation 
transport 
bind/support 
storing energy
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24
Q

Areolar - L. Connective

A 
GC -    lots of fibres 
           gel like matrix 
           airy - lots of space
FN-     good at holding fluid/ions
           wraps and cushions organs
           plays a role in inflammation 
LOC - 1st layer of the dermis
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25
Reticular - L. Connective
``` GC - web like think spider web strong made of reticular cells network of fibers FN- soft skeleton base for WBC's LOC - spleen lymph nodes ```
26
Adipose - L. Connective
``` GC - nucleus squished closely packed side nucleus blood supply FN- energy storage insulation protects LOC - under dermis mammary ```
27
Regular - D. Connective
GC - parallel fibers (collagen) lots of fibers - fibroblasts FN- tensile strength in one direction LOC - tendons and ligaments
28
Irregular - D. Connective
GC - scattered fibers lots of fibers - fibroblasts FN- strong in all directions LOC - skin
29
Elastic - D. Connective
``` GC - lots of elastic fibers FN- stretch recoil LOC - arteries - heart lungs ```
30
Elastic cartilage
``` GC - lots of elastic fibers any direction chrondroblast - produce matrix FN- maintains shapes allows flexibility LOC - ear ```
31
hyaline cartilage
``` GC - lucane present firm matrix chrondrocyte in a group FN- supports + reinforces cushions because it can compress LOC - end bones + ribs ```
32
fibro cartilage
GC - fibres run in one direction similar to hyaline but softer nucleus run in a line FN- tensile strength allows us to absorb shock LOC - in between discs in the spine
33
membranes
mucus - epithelial cutaneous - epithelial serous - epithelial synovial - connective tissue - joints
34
serous membranes
do not open to outside 2 layers parietal, visceral - pvvp
35
mucus membranes
make mucus open to outdoors respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive always secreting
36
cutaneous membranes
``` skin - epithelial PISSST protection insulates secretes sensory synthesis vitamin D temp regulation ```
37
glands
``` endocrine - no ducts goes to blood horomones exocrine - ducts goes to a specific site ```
38
regions of the skeleton
axial - skull, spine, ribs - head, neck trunk | appendicular - appendages and girtles
39
7 bone functions
1. movement 2. protection 3. bone marrow production 4. support 5. horomone production 6. fat storage 7. stores ions, minerals
40
define a joint
where 2 or more bones connect
41
movements of joints
diathroses - freely moving syntharoses - immoveable ampiarthroses - semi moveable
42
diathroses
freely moving
43
syntharoses
immoveable
44
ampiarthroses
semi moveable
45
fibrous joints
``` make up dense or irregular connective tissue lots of collagen rare lack a joint cavity bones held together closely synthraroses - immovable skull sutures ```
46
cartilaginous
collagen fibres made of fibre or hyaline cartilage rare no joint cavity syntharoses (slighty), ampiarthroses (immovable) examples - synehondres - bones united by hyaline symphyses - bones united by fibro cartilage vertebrae pubic symphyses
47
bone markings
projections or sites of muscle and ligament attachment
48
tuberosity
large rounded projection | may be roughened
49
crest
narrow ridge of bone | usually prominent
50
tubercle
small rounded projection | or process
51
trochanter
very large blunt irregullary shaped process only in the femur
52
spine
sharp slender | often pointed projection
53
process
any bony prominence
54
head
projections that help form joints | bony expansions carried on a narrow neck
55
condyle
rounded article projections | for passage of blood vessels and nerves
56
sinus
cavity within a blood vessel | filled with air and lined with mucus membranes
57
meatus
canal like passageway
58
foreman
rounded or oval opening through a bone
59
sites of ligament attachment
``` spine crest tubercle tuberosity trochanter ```
60
epicondyle
the side projections of the condyle
61
projections that help form joints
head | condyle
62
for passage of blood vessels and nerves
foreman meatus sinus
63
spongy bones
many holes trebucullae - bars highly vascular contains bone marrow
64
compact bone
lamellae (layers) osteons (group of lamellae) hessian canals - run parallel Volkmann canals - run perpendicular
65
inorganic matrix
makes bones hard made up of CaPO4 (calcium phosphate) and hydroxyapatite
66
in children when hyaline cartilage turns to bone it
ossifies
67
Lysomoes
``` structure - membranous sac containing acid hydrolases function - sites of intracellular digestion ```
68
cytoplasm
``` structure - region between the nuclear and plasma membranes function - consists of fluid containing dissolved solutes ```
69
mitochondria
``` structure - rodlike, double membrane structures function - site of ATP synthesis - power house of the cell ```

Anatomy (3 decks)

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