MIDTERM PT. 2

Question 1

HOW TO PRODUCE RADIONUCLIDE: (GAR)

Answer 1

-generator
-accelerator
-reactor

Question 2

GAR

Answer 2

GENERATOR- TEC99M/ MO99
ACCELERATOR- CYCLOTRON & BETATRON 0
REACTOR- NEUTRON ACTIVATION

Question 3

where charge particle are accelerated

Answer 3

cyclotron

Question 4

high flux density neutron

Answer 4

neutron activation

Question 5

SPECT (SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY) USES: WHAT RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL & DETECTOR

Answer 5

SINGLE PHOTON RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
GAMMA CAMERA (DETECTOR)

Question 6

PET (POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY) USES: WHAT RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL & SCANNER

Answer 6

DUAL PHOTON RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
PET SCANNER

Question 7

portrays physiology, biochemistry, and pathology in the human body without causing any physiological effect

Answer 7

radiopharmaceuticals

Question 8

radionuclide + pharmaceutical or also known as radiotracers

Answer 8

radiopharmaceutical

Question 9

referred to as radiotracers because it is given in subpharmacological doses that “traces” a physiological or pathological process in the body

Answer 9

radiopharmaceuticals

Question 10

study of living body function

Answer 10

physiology

Question 11

study of chemical processes in living organisms

Answer 11

biochemistry

Question 12

study of origin and nature of disease

Answer 12

pathology

Question 13

-dose of a drug that does not achieve any therapeutic effect

-administered in small doses to have different effect

Answer 13

subpharmacological doses

Question 14

what are some example of subpharmacological doses

Answer 14

tricylic antidepressant- for anti depression

Question 15

-for anti depression

-in small doses promotes sleep or relieves pain

Answer 15

tricylic antidepressants

Question 16

• Radioactive decay should result in gamma emission of 100-200 keV in SPECT and 511 or more in PET

-NO PARTICULATE RADIATION
-CARRIER-FREE
-SHORT HALF-LIFE

Answer 16

RADIONUCLIDE

Question 17

GAMMA EMISSION IN SPECT

Answer 17

100-200 keV

Question 18

GAMMA EMISSION IN PET

Answer 18

511 keV

Question 19

-not contaminated by either stable radionuclides or other radionuclides of the same element

-provides the affinity to special body tissue

Answer 19

carrier-free (ligand)

Question 20

-effective for its intended use

-safe for human use

-readily available

-sterile

-pyrogen-free

-chemical form of the element

Answer 20

pharmaceutical

Question 21

means free from microorganism

Answer 21

sterile

Question 22

means free from fever-causing substances

Answer 22

pyrogen-free

Question 23

PRODUCTION SOURCE: NUCLEAR REACTOR
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: NEGATRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (3)

Answer 23

IODINE 131
XENON 133
MOLYBDENUM 99

Question 24

PRODUCTION SOURCE: NUCLEAR REACTOR
PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: NEGATRON EMISSION
THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF-LIFE

1. IODINE 131
2. XENON 133
3. MOLYBDENUM 99

Answer 24

1. 8 DAYS
2. 5.2 DAYS
3. 66 HOURS

Question 25

PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: ELECTRON CAPTURE THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (6)

Answer 25

COBALT 57 XENON 127 INDUM 111 GALIUM 67 THALIUM 201 IODINE 123

Question 26

PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: ELECTRON CAPTURE THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF LIFE 1. COBALT 57 2. XENON 127 3. INDUM 111 4. GALIUM 67 5. THALIUM 201 6. IODINE 123

Answer 26

1. COBALT 57- 272 DAYS 2. XENON 127- 36 DAYS 3. INDUM 111- 2.8 DAYS 4. GALIUM 67- 78.3 HOURS 5. THALLIUM 201- 73.1 HOURS 6. IODINE 123- 13.2 HOURS

Question 27

- ENERGY: 135 AND 167 keV -HALF-LIFE: 73.1 HRS -USED FOR CARDIAC PERFUSION -ENERGIES 135 & 167 keV -OCCURS IN LOW ABUNDANCE THAT RESULTS IN POOR IMAGING RESULTS -NOT READILY AVAILABLE

Answer 27

THALLIUM 201

Question 28

- ENERGY: 172 & 245 keV -HALF-LIFE: 2.8 DAYS

Answer 28

INDIUM 111

Question 29

ALSO KNOWN AS OCTREOSCAN -DETECTS NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

Answer 29

INDIUM 111

Question 30

-ENERGY: 190 keV -half-life: 13 seconds -very expensive

Answer 30

KRYPTON 81M

Question 31

-ENERGY: 364 keV -HALF-LIFE: 8 DAYS -PRESENCE OF BETA PARTICLE EMISSIONS WHICH LEADS TO A HIGHER PATIENT DOSE - USED PRIMARILY FOR THYROID CANCER THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

Answer 31

IODINE 131

Question 32

-ENERGY: 159 kEV -half-life: 13.2 hours -SUITED FOR IMAGING WITH GAMMA CAMERA -NOT READILY AVAILABLE

Answer 32

IODINE 123

Question 33

ADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA: -SAFE TO USE IN PXNS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE DISADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA: - ENERGY: 81 keV -NOT READILY AVAILABLE -HALF-LIFE: 5.2 DAYS

Answer 33

XENON 133

Question 34

DISADVANTAGE OVER TC99M DTPA: -ENERGY: 172, 203 AND 375 keV -NOT READILY AVAILABLE -HAL-LIFE: 36 DAYS

Answer 34

XENON 127

Question 35

PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: (4)

Answer 35

FLOURINE 18 CARBON 11 NITROGEN 13 OXYGEN 15

Question 36

PRODUCTION SOURCE: CYCLOTRON PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION THE RADIONUCLIDE ARE: WHAT ARE THEIR HALF LIFE FLOURINE 18 CARBON 11 NITROGEN 13 OXYGEN 15

Answer 36

FLOURINE 18- 110 MINS CARBON 11- 20 MINS NITROGEN 13- 10 MINS OXYGEN 15- 2 MINS

Question 37

PRODUCTION SOURCE: GENERATOR (GERMANIUM 68) PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION THE RADIONUCLIDE & HALF-LIFE IS __

Answer 37

GALIUM 68 68 MINS

Question 38

PRODUCTION SOURCE: GENERATOR (STRONTIUM 82) PRINCIPAL MODE OF DECAY: POSITRON EMISSION THE RADIONUCLIDE & HALF-LIFE IS __

Answer 38

1.3 MINS