midterm questions Flashcards
what is Yohimbine used for?
erectile dysfunction- psychogenic
yohimbine MOA
alpha 2 antagonist that acts at brain center to control libido and penile erection
which medication for ED causes penile fibrosis and potential hepatotoxicity
papaverine
what are some RF for priapism? what drug do these factors cause a contraindication for?
RF: sick cell anemia, MM, leukemia, anatomical deformity of penis
causes contraindication for alprostadil (PGE1) injection
PGE1 MOA
increases AC = more cAMP and causes smooth muscle relaxation, vasoocclusion, and erection
which 2 ED drugs should not be taken with food
sildenafil, vardenafil
butea superba MOA
corpus cavernosum relaxation for ED- not recommended rn
how is L arginine used in ED
used with PDE5i if pt is resistant
what is the most common intracavernosal sympathomimetic for priapism
phenylephrine
what oral sympathomimetics can be used for priapism
terbutaline, pseudoephedrine
what are the conditions for a menopause diagnosis
12mths with no period + elevated FSH =>30mIU/ml
when are VMS of menopause most intense?
1. early evening
2. early morning
3. late evening
4. during sleep
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what causes the change in vaginal pH from acidic to basic in menopause
decreased glycogen production
which of the following sx are more common in perimenopause than menopause
1. muscle/ joint pains
2. breast tenderness
3. headaches/ migraines
4. heart palpitations
5. low libido
6. dry skin or eyes
7. hair changes
select all that apply
2,3
how long does it take for isoflavones to work for menopausal sx
8-12wks
why is P used with E in MHT
endometrial protection from endometrial cancers caused by systemic estrogen
describe an EPT cyclic regimen
estrogeh continuous, progestogen for 12-14 days
what were the results of the womens health initiative RCT, EPT arm
increase in VTE (only sig result), stroke, CHD, breast cancer
decrease in hip fractures, CRC
what were the results of the womens health initiative RCT, ET arm
increase in VTE and stroke
decrease in hip fractures
what hormones were used int eh women’s health initiative RCT
medroxyprogesterone and CEE
what kind of estrogen in MHT can lower VTE risk
transdermal- but may just be due to lower systemic dose
what is considered strong family hx as a CI for MHT
2 or more first degree relatives prior to menopause
oral ET have a high first pass effect, resulting in increased
TG, SHBG, TBG, CRP
oral ET effect on lipids
1. increased HDL, lowered LDL
2. lowered HDL, lowered LDL
3. increased HDL, increased LDL
4. lowered HDL, increased LDL
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