Midterm Review

Question 1

Primary prevention includes

Answer 1

Oral evaluation/ assessments
Ex dental sealants

Question 2

Secondary prevention includes

Answer 2

Dental restorations, desensitizing agents for hypersensitivity and endodontics

Question 3

Tertiary prevention employs measures necessary to

Answer 3

Replace lost tissues and rehabilitates clients to be as near normal as possibke

Question 4

What are 6 roles of a dental hygienist

Answer 4

Clinician
Educator
Manager/ admin
Corporate DH
Researcher (public health)
Entrepreneur

Question 5

What defines the paradigm concepts of clients environment, health and oral health, dental hygiene action in terms of human needs theory

Answer 5

Human needs conceptual model

Question 6

The primary concern of the human needs conceptual model are for

Answer 6

The whole person who either has oral disease or may develop it rather than the disease itself

Question 7

What is evidence based decision making

Answer 7

Decisions must incorporate the best available scientific evidence/research to optimize client care outcomes

Question 8

What does pico stand for

Answer 8

Problem
Intervention
comparison
Outcome

Question 9

What are dental caries and perio disease caused by

Answer 9

Plaque diseases
Transmissible disease

Question 10

What percentage of reduction in dental caries results from water fluoridation

Answer 10

60-70%

Question 11

What do carious lesions depend on

Answer 11

Diet
Host resistance
# of challenging bacteria in plaque
Time exposure

Question 12

Not free floating, adhere to surface, can relocate and communicate

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

Healthy dental plaque is composed of

Answer 13

Aerobic gram positive cocci, strep mitis, Actinomyces, strep oralis

Question 14

What influences the growth and retention of plaque

Answer 14

Missing teeth
Malocclusion
Mouth breathing
Overhang/ open resto
Ortho
Short lingual frenum
Calculus
Stain

Question 15

What is a membranous, acellular, organic layer that forms within minutes of removal. Non mineralized

Answer 15

Acquired pellicle

Question 16

Bacteria that produce colour as a metabolic by product

Answer 16

Chromogenic bacteria

Question 17

Loose deposit of MO’s, desquamated epithelial cells and broken down food debris. White to yellowish white in colour. Cottage cheese appearance
Cellular and non mineralized

Answer 17

Materia Alba

Question 18

What is the significance of acquired pellicle

Answer 18

Protective, luvrication, nidus (point of origin), attachment of calculus

Question 19

Describe initial adherence of plaque biofilm formation

Answer 19

Pellicle formation; forms on the tooth surface by selective absorption of protein components from the saliva, bacteria attach to pellicle. 1-2 day old plaque

Question 20

Bacterial colonization of plaque biofilm formulation

Answer 20

Lag phase- 2-4 days old. Planktonic bacterial becomes immobile, sessile, fixed.

Question 21

Rapid growth bacterial colonization stage of plaque biofilm formation

Answer 21

Polysaccharides and matrix trap nutrients for the bacteria. 4-14 days old. Gram negative anaerobic species increases. WBC found in plaque. Inflammation evident

Question 22

steady state and attachment stage of plaque biofilm formation

Answer 22

14-24 days old. gingivitis present. biofilm is gram-negative bacteria. as the biofilm colony progresses it blooms into a mushroom shape.

Question 23

how does calculus form

Answer 23

apposition of new layers of biofilm.
10 days- rapid calculus forms
20 days- slow calculus formers

Question 24

mineralization of undisrupted biofilm can occur within

Answer 24

24-48 hours

Question 25

what is the composition of calculus

Answer 25

organic & inorganic & water 75-85% inorganic components (inorganic: calcium, phosphate, carbonate, sodium, magnesium, potassium)

Question 26

Subgingival biofilm is

Answer 26

Pathogenic

Question 27

Increase in pocket depth means there is

Answer 27

A greater accumulation in pathogens, and greater flow of sulcus fluid.

Question 28

Endogenous extrinsic stains examples

Answer 28

Pulpless teeth, tetracycline. -imperfect tooth development: hereditary enamel hypoplasia, dental fluorosis. Other systematic causes

Question 29

Exogenous extrinsic staining is caused by factors outside of the tooth. Examples?

Answer 29

Restorative materials Endo therapy Drugs

Question 30

Which microorganism is primarily involved in dental caries

Answer 30

Mutans streptococcus

Question 31

What is Acidogenic bacteria

Answer 31

Bacteria on tooth surface that metabolize acid from the fermentable carbohydrates ingested by the individual

Question 32

Refined sugars are efficiently assimilated by the bacteria and result in the production of acid and rapid

Answer 32

Drop in pH

Question 33

What is the caries process

Answer 33

Susceptible tooth structure + cariogenic bacteria + dietary fermentable carbs (especially sucrose) = dental caries

Question 34

Saliva and fluoride provide protective factors in promoting

Answer 34

Remineralization

Question 35

Remineralization replenishes what to the tooth structure

Answer 35

Calcium Phosphate Fluoride ions

Question 36

Demineralization depends on 2 factors which are

Answer 36

pH of plaque and saturation of tooth minerals

Question 37

What acts as a buffer to acids and supplies minerals to replace calcium and phosphate ion as well as balance or reverse destruction of tooth structure

Answer 37

Saliva