Week 4

Question 1

Attributes or exposures that significantly increase the risk for onset/progression of a specific disease is

Answer 1

A risk factor

Question 2

Specific pathogenic bacteria are the primary causitive agent of periodontal diseases are necessary for

Answer 2

Disease initiation
**however they are not sufficient enough to cause perio destruction

Question 3

Risk assessment depends on

Answer 3

Host
Environment
Systemic factors

Question 4

Risk factors are categorized as

Answer 4

Modifiable or non modifiable

Question 5

Modifiable risk factors are those that

Answer 5

Can be changed

Question 6

Nonmodifiable risk factors are those that

Answer 6

Cannot be changed

Question 7

What is one of the most significant risk factors for periodontal disease

Answer 7

Smoking

Question 8

Smokers have gingiva that presents as

Answer 8

Thickened and fibrotic with rolled borders and minimal redness

Question 9

Smoking masks inflammation by reducing gingival blood flow as a result of

Answer 9

Constrictions of blood vessels of the gingiva

Question 10

What is the dose response effect/ relationship of smoking and loss of attachment

Answer 10

Increase amount of smoking = increase loss of attachment

Question 11

Smoking cessation occurs when a person

Answer 11

Stops tobacco use with the goal of achieving permanent abstinence

Question 12

In smoking cessation can previous damage be reversed

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What is another strong risk factor for periodontal disease

Answer 13

Diabetes (type I and II)

Question 14

The increased susceptibility to periodontal infection is linked to

Answer 14

Immune dysfunction

Question 15

What is impaired in diabetics that inhibits the destructions of bacterial pathogens in the pockets resulting in periodontal breakdown

Answer 15

Neutrophil Chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Question 16

For periodontal disease to occur there must be presence of

Answer 16

Specific anaerobic gram negative bacteria

Question 17

Evidence indicates an association with alveolar bone loss and

Answer 17

Osteoporosis

Question 18

Estrogen deficiency has also been linked to decreases in

Answer 18

Alveolar bone density

Question 19

Stress is a _____ of the immune system

Answer 19

Depression

Question 20

A predictor to periodontal breakdown is

Answer 20

BOP

Question 21

BOO in addition to increased probing depths does

Answer 21

Increase risk

Question 22

What have a beneficial effect on the periodontium

Answer 22

Tetracycline antibiotics and NSAIDS

Question 23

What is associated with over 500 types of medications

Answer 23

Xerostomia

Question 24

What facilitates oral biofilm accumulation (especially at gingival third) and diminishes resolution of inflammation

Answer 24

Decreased salivary flow

Question 25

What drugs may induce gingival enlargement

Answer 25

Calcium channel blockers Immunosuppressive drugs Anti seizure drugs HRT

Question 26

Enlargement can be minimized with

Answer 26

Good biofilm control

Question 27

The most significant risk factors are (4)

Answer 27

Smoking Diabetes Poor oral hygiene Genetics

Question 28

Clients with risk factor are treated aggressively. How so?

Answer 28

Referred to periodontist Rigorous self care routine Antimicrobial mouth rinses Oral irrigation System antibiotics

Question 29

Healthy periodontium consists of 4 physical units which are

Answer 29

Gingiva Periodontal ligament Alveolar process Cementum

Question 30

In health the free or attached gingiva should be how many mm above CEJ attached to enamel

Answer 30

0.5-2mm

Question 31

Interdental gingiva or interdental papilla is located

Answer 31

In the interdental space between 2 adjacent teeth

Question 32

The col connects

Answer 32

The lingual and facial aspects of the papilla (nonkeratinized)

Question 33

What is movable tissue loosely attached to underlying alveolar bone- darker red colour b/c richer blood supply

Answer 33

Alveolar mucosa

Question 34

Histopathology of periodontal disease is explained in how many stages

Answer 34

4

Question 35

Four stages: initial lesion

Answer 35

2-4 days of plaque accumulation (no clinical signs)

Question 36

Four stages: early lesion

Answer 36

Acute gingivitis 7-14 days of accumulation -acute signs; redness, edema, bleeding on provocation)

Question 37

Four stages: established lesion

Answer 37

Chronic gingivitis 2 weeks or more Chronic signs of mod-severe inflammation

Question 38

Four stages: advanced lesion

Answer 38

Varies, depends on host Songs of attachment loss and perio pockets

Question 39

The first 3 stages result in ______ that last stage results in _____

Answer 39

Gingivitis; periodontitis

Question 40

What is a reversible bacterial infection confined to the gingiva

Answer 40

Gingivitis

Question 41

What is irreversible disease with inflammation extending from the gingiva into the connective tissue and alveolar bone

Answer 41

Periodontitis

Question 42

What are the four characteristic signs of gingival or periodontal inflammation

Answer 42

Changes in colour Bleeding on probing (BOP) Swelling or edema Presence of exudate from the gingival sulcus

Question 43

2 types of periodontal pockets

Answer 43

Suprabony Intra/infrabony

Question 44

Most commonly associated with horizontal bone loss JE migrated below the CEJ but remains above the alveolar bone crest

Answer 44

Suprabony pockets

Question 45

JE migrates below the alveolar bone crest, associated with vertical bone loss

Answer 45

Intrabony/infrabony pocket

Question 46

Recession signifies

Answer 46

Loss of clinical attachment

Question 47

Describe class I furcation involvement

Answer 47

Beginning involvement Cannot be seen radiographically Cannot be entered but can be felt

Question 48

Describe class II furcation involvement

Answer 48

Can enter the furcation from one aspect but cannot penetrate through to the other side

Question 49

Describe class III furcation involvement

Answer 49

Through and through involvement Furcation is still covered by soft tissue

Question 50

Describe class IV furcation

Answer 50

A through and through furcation involvement that is not covered by soft tossue

Question 51

Describe class I mobility

Answer 51

Tooth can be moved up to 1mm in any direction

Question 52

Describe class II mobility

Answer 52

Tooth can be moved more than 1 mm in any direction but is not depressive in socket

Question 53

Describe class III mobility

Answer 53

Tooth can be moved in a buccolingual direction and is depressible in socket

Question 54

Inadequate attached gingiva is defined as

Answer 54

Less than 1mm of keratinized attached gingiva preset on a tooth

Question 55

What are the clinical use of radiographs for perio assessment

Answer 55

-Identifying local causative factors involved in perio disease (calculus and bone loss) -identify alveolar bone changes from past disease activity only

Question 56

What type of X-rays should be used to evaluate periodontal disease

Answer 56

Periapicals or vertical bitewings

Question 57

Determining changes in the alveolar bone associated with periodontal disease is based on

Answer 57

Appearance of the crestal Lamina dura