Midterm Review

Question 1

Organ

Answer 1

Structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions

Question 2

Tissues

Answer 2

Groups of cells of similar structure and function and the materials surrounding them

Question 3

Four primary tissue types are

Answer 3

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 4

Organ system

Answer 4

Organ systems interact to form a whole functioning organism, there are 12 organ systems in the body

Question 5

Six levels of organization in the body

Answer 5

Chemical
Cell level
Tissue 
Organ 
Organ system 
Organism

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Metabolism all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

The break down of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

The synthesis of complex molecules by combining simpler ones

Question 9

Where is the frontal plane (coronal) located

Answer 9

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 10

Where is the Sagittal plane located

Answer 10

Divides the body into right and left parts

Question 11

Where is the transverse plane located

Answer 11

Divides the body into superior and posterior parts

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

The condition in which the body functions, fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life

Question 13

Negative feedback

Answer 13

Operate to maintain homeostasis

Negative feedback systems consist of a receptor, control center, and effector

Question 14

Positive feedback mechanisms

Answer 14

Usually increase deviations from normal

Most positive feedback systems are harmful

Question 15

Anatomical position

Answer 15

A human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging to the side, and the palms facing forward, is in the anatomical position

Question 16

Supine

Answer 16

Person lying upward

Question 17

Prone

Answer 17

A person lying downward

Question 18

Nine regions of the abdomen from top right to bottom left

Answer 18

Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar
Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac

Question 19

Four quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 19

Right upper, left upper

Right lower, left lower

Question 20

What does and ionic compound do when placed in water

Answer 20

Water is equally poker so it breaks down the ionic compound

Question 21

Cells

Answer 21

The basic living unit of plants and animals

Question 22

Conditions that increase the rate of a reaction

Answer 22

Heat, adding more reactants etc.

Question 23

Abundant elements or trace elements in the body and race elements

Answer 23

CHON

Question 24

Enzymes

Answer 24

Enzymes do not change the rate of the reaction but will lower the activation energy required for it to occur

Question 25

Properties of water

Answer 25

Water is important in the body as filtration, cushioning, and temperature control

Question 26

RNA

Answer 26

Nucleotides are composed of the monosaccharide ribose, the organic bases are the same as for DNA, except thymine is replaced with uracil

Question 27

Diffusion

Answer 27

The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Question 28

Osmosis

Answer 28

The diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 29

Active transport

Answer 29

A mediated transport process that requires energy by ATP

Question 30

Mediated transport

Answer 30

Involves carrier proteins or channels within the plasma membrane that move large, water-soluble molecule or electrically charged more carrier proteins have their binding sites occupied

Question 31

Passive transport

Answer 31

Does not require energy

Question 32

Concentration gradient

Answer 32

Particles moving from and area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 33

Striae

Answer 33

Stretch marks

Question 34

Papillae

Answer 34

Projections in the papillary layer that extend towards the epidermis

Question 35

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 35

The inorganic material of bones is hydroxyapatite, it primarily consists of calcium phosphate crystal,

Question 36

The organic material of bones

Answer 36

35% and primarily consists of collagen and proteoglycans

Question 37

Lamellae

Answer 37

Lamellar bone is mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers called lamellae

Question 38

Woven bone is broken down to form

Answer 38

Lamellar bone

Question 39

Osteon

Answer 39

Or haversian system, consists of a single central canal, it's contents, and associated concentric lamellae and osteocytes

Question 40

Volkmann's canals

Answer 40

Canals that hold blood vessels and nerves and are perpendicular to Haversian canals in bone

Question 41

Endochondral bone formation

Answer 41

Involves the use of mesenchymal cells

Question 42

Mesenchyme

Answer 42

Embryonic tissue, it forms in the embryo during the third and fourth weeks of fetal development, the structure of mucous connective tissue found in the umbilical chord is similar to Mesenchyme