Midterm Review - Unit 1

Question 1

What was Spain’s reason for establishing colonies in the Americas?

Answer 1

Spread Catholic religion

Spain aimed to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity as part of their colonial efforts.

Question 2

What was the primary economic activity of France in North America?

Answer 2

Fur trade

The fur trade was a significant economic driver for French colonies, focusing on the exchange of animal pelts.

Question 3

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 3

Transfer between animals, plants & diseases between Europe & the Americas

The Columbian Exchange facilitated cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds.

Question 4

What were the three main reasons the English government wanted to establish colonies in America?

Answer 4

God, Glory, Gold

These reasons reflect the motivations of spreading religion, expanding the empire, and seeking wealth.

Question 5

What does ‘Mercantilism’ refer to in the context of colonialism?

Answer 5

Using raw materials from colonies allowed the mother country to make profit

Mercantilism emphasized the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and resource extraction.

Question 6

What is the significance of Jamestown?

Answer 6

1st permanent English settlement in North America

Jamestown was established in 1607 and marked the beginning of English colonization in the New World.

Question 7

When was Jamestown established?

Answer 7

April 26, 1607

This date marks the founding of the first successful English colony in North America.

Question 8

Who took control of Jamestown in 1608, and what were his contributions?

Answer 8

John Smith; built a fort, made relations with natives, and created a reward system for colonists

John Smith played a crucial role in the survival and governance of the early colony.

Question 9

What crop did John Rolfe introduce to Jamestown?

Answer 9

Tobacco

Tobacco became a cash crop that significantly boosted the economy of the colony.

Question 10

Why were enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619?

Answer 10

Demand for workers and lower cost than indentured servants

The introduction of slavery was driven by the need for labor in tobacco cultivation.

Question 11

What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?

Answer 11

The 1st representative government in the colonies

Established in 1619, it allowed colonists to make laws and govern themselves.

Question 12

Who founded Maryland and why?

Answer 12

Lord Baltimore; as a refuge for English Catholics

Maryland was founded to provide a safe haven for Catholics facing persecution in England.

Question 13

What was the Toleration Act in Maryland?

Answer 13

Made it illegal to restrict rights based on religion

The Toleration Act aimed to protect the rights of both Protestants and Catholics in the colony.

Question 14

Who founded Georgia and what were the reasons for its founding?

Answer 14

James Oglethorpe; to provide a new start for debtors and defend from Spanish Florida

Georgia was established as a buffer zone and a place for rehabilitation.

Question 15

Describe the climate of the Southern Colonies.

Answer 15

Hot, with mild winters

The climate was conducive to agriculture and cash crop production.

Question 16

What type of agriculture was predominant in the Southern Colonies?

Answer 16

Subsistence farming and cash crops like rice, tobacco, and indigo

These crops were vital for the economy and relied heavily on slave labor.

Question 17

What percentage of the population in the Southern Colonies was enslaved?

Answer 17

40%

This high percentage indicates the reliance on slavery for agricultural labor in the Southern economy.

Question 18

Why did the Pilgrims come to America?

Answer 18

To seek religious freedom

The Pilgrims were a group of English settlers who aimed to escape religious persecution.

Question 19

Where did the Pilgrims settle?

Answer 19

Plymouth Rock, MA

Question 20

What is the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 20

First attempts at self-government in colonies, signed on November 21, 1620

The Mayflower Compact was a foundational document for governance in the Plymouth Colony.

Question 21

Why did the Puritans come to America?

Answer 21

To escape persecution from their efforts to change the church

Question 22

Where did the Puritans settle?

Answer 22

Massachusetts Bay

Question 23

Who was the leader of the Puritans?

Answer 23

John Winthrop

Question 24

What was the Great Migration?

Answer 24

40,000 moved to colonies and Caribbean due to problems in England

Question 25

Explain the role of religion in government in Puritan Massachusetts.

Answer 25

Government leaders were church members and ministers had power

Question 26

What was the purpose of a Town Meeting?

Answer 26

Elected delegates to General Court

Question 27

What did the General Court do?

Answer 27

Delegates voted for governor

Question 28

Describe education in colonial New England.

Answer 28

Public school was favored to ensure children could read the Bible; high literacy rate

Question 29

Who founded Connecticut?

Answer 29

Thomas Hooker

Question 30

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

Answer 30

One of the first attempts at representative self-government, allowed non-church members to vote, and limited governor's power

Question 31

Who founded Rhode Island and why?

Answer 31

Founded by Anne Hutchinson for religious freedom

Question 32

What was Anne Hutchinson's belief regarding the relationship with God?

Answer 32

It didn't need ministers - people’s relationship with God should be personal

Question 33

What was the climate of New England?

Answer 33

Cold winters and warm summers

Question 34

What was the soil quality in New England?

Answer 34

Poor soil

Question 35

What type of agriculture was practiced in New England?

Answer 35

Subsistence farming ## Footnote Farmers grew enough to support themselves and a bit more to sell.

Question 36

What industries were prominent in New England?

Answer 36

* Shipbuilding * Lumber * Fishing & Whaling * Trade * Farming

Question 37

What was the importance of slavery in New England?

Answer 37

Didn't depend on slavery as it wasn't a big industry; 3% of population

Question 38

Who founded Pennsylvania and why?

Answer 38

William Penn as a safe space for Quakers

Question 39

What was the effect of religion on lifestyle and government in Pennsylvania?

Answer 39

Religious tolerance was supported, and most leaders were Quakers, emphasizing nonviolence and equality

Question 40

What was the climate of the Middle Colonies?

Answer 40

Mild climate

Question 41

What was the soil quality in the Middle Colonies?

Answer 41

Good soil quality

Question 42

What type of agriculture was practiced in the Middle Colonies?

Answer 42

* Wheat * Corn * Dairy * Oats ## Footnote Subsistence farming was common.

Question 43

What nickname was given to the Middle Colonies because of the crops grown there?

Answer 43

Bread basket colonies

Question 44

What was the importance of slavery in the Middle Colonies?

Answer 44

There were more slaves, but the biggest labor force was indentured servants; 7% of population

Question 45

What year was the Magna Carta signed and what effect did it have on the power of the king?

Answer 45

1215; it reduced the king's powers and granted rights to nobles. ## Footnote Two rights extended to nobles: 1. Kings can't seize noble property 2. All free men were guaranteed trial by jury.

Question 46

What was the English Bill of Rights and its effect on the power of the king and Parliament?

Answer 46

It reduced the king's powers and bolstered Parliament, gave free elections and prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. ## Footnote It was a fundamental document in the development of constitutional monarchy.

Question 47

What is salutary neglect?

Answer 47

A hands-off approach England took in colonial affairs. ## Footnote This allowed colonists to become accustomed to self-government.

Question 48

What were triangular trade routes and why did they develop?

Answer 48

Trade routes developed to support England's mercantilist system. ## Footnote They facilitated trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Question 49

Define the 'Middle Passage'.

Answer 49

A terrible, deadly journey enslaved Africans took from Africa to the Americas. ## Footnote Conditions were inhumane and resulted in high mortality rates.

Question 50

What was the Great Awakening?

Answer 50

A religious event that changed and united colonial culture by exposing colonies to new ideas. ## Footnote Important figure: Jonathan Edwards, known for dramatic sermons.

Question 51

What effect did the Enlightenment have on colonial culture?

Answer 51

It led to thoughts of a contract between government and citizens. ## Footnote Key thinkers included John Locke, who advocated for natural rights, and Montesquieu, who proposed separation of powers.

Question 52

What were the causes of the French and Indian War?

Answer 52

British and France fought for control of territories over the Ohio River Valley.

Question 53

Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union and what was its slogan?

Answer 53

Ben Franklin; slogan: 'Join or Die'. ## Footnote The plan called for uniting the colonies with a common militia and tax system.

Question 54

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763?

Answer 54

Winner: Britain; British got Canada, Spanish Florida, land east of Mississippi except for French territory. Spanish got French territory east of Mississippi and Cuba. French got New Orleans and two islands off St. Lawrence.

Question 55

Why did the king issue the Proclamation of 1763?

Answer 55

To keep colonists out of conflict. ## Footnote It forbade traveling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 56

What was the colonial reaction to the Proclamation of 1763?

Answer 56

Colonists did not like it as they wanted land, having fought for it and felt entitled to it.