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US History Midterm Review > Midterm Review - Unit 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Review - Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the British government abandon salutary neglect after the French and Indian War?

A

The French-Indian War cost Britain a lot of money, and they felt they had to keep the colonies in check.

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2
Q

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?

A

Set duties on imported molasses and sugar to raise money in the colonies.

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3
Q

What were the colonial reactions to the Sugar Act?

A

Merchants had to list goods and it hurt smugglers. Colonists were outraged, leading to boycotts.

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4
Q

Who founded the Committees of Correspondence?

A

Samuel Adams.

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5
Q

What did the colonists mean by ‘no taxation without representation’?

A

The colonists wanted a say in the House of Commons as they thought it was unfair to be taxed without representation.

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6
Q

What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

A

Set a tax on all documents and paper products.

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7
Q

What was a significant colonial reaction to the Stamp Act?

A

It gave power to vice-admiralty courts and was the first instance of being taxed directly.

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8
Q

What was the British response to the challenges posed by the Stamp Act?

A

Parliament was upset and passed the Declaratory Act.

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9
Q

What did the Quartering Act allow?

A

Allowed British soldiers to be housed in colonists’ homes and provided with food and bedding.

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10
Q

What items were taxed under the Townshend Acts of 1767?

A

Glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.

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11
Q

What was the colonial reaction to the Townshend Acts?

A

Colonists boycotted with groups like the Daughters of Liberty.

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12
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

An event on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers fired into a crowd, killing Crispus Attucks and four others.

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13
Q

What role did Crispus Attucks play in the Boston Massacre?

A

He was the first to die in the Boston Massacre.

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14
Q

Who was Samuel Adams and what was his role?

A

He formed the Sons of Liberty and was involved in spreading propaganda.

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15
Q

What did Paul Revere do related to the Boston Massacre?

A

Created a heavily published, propagandic print of the massacre.

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16
Q

What was John Adams’ role regarding the British soldiers accused in the Boston Massacre?

A

He defended the accused British soldiers in court.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The first act passed to raise money in the colonies was the _______.

A

Sugar Act

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18
Q

True or False: The Boston Massacre was a peaceful protest.

A

False

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19
Q

What happened to the Townshend Acts?

A

All of the Townshend Acts, except for the Tea Act, were repealed.

The repeal occurred due to colonial opposition and economic pressure.

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20
Q

What was the purpose of the Tea Act?

A

To allow the British East India Company to sell tea directly to colonists with a tax.

This aimed to undercut colonial tea merchants.

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21
Q

Explain the Boston Tea Party.

A

On December 16, 1773, the Sons of Liberty boarded three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act.

This act of defiance was a significant event leading to the American Revolution.

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22
Q

What were the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts?

A

Four main laws intended to punish the colonists after the Boston Tea Party:
* Boston Harbor closed until damages were paid
* Massachusetts General Council closed
* New, stricter Quartering Act
* Quebec Act gave land to Quebec
In addition, British officers accused of crimes in the colonies went to Britain for trial

These laws intensified colonial unrest.

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23
Q

Define the term ‘act’ as it relates to Unit 2.

A

A law.

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24
Q

What is a boycott?

A

A protest involving lowering demand for a product or service by not using it.

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25
What is a committee?
A group of people gathered to create a decision.
26
Define correspondence.
An exchange of letters.
27
What is propaganda?
A one-sided, often political work of art or literary work intended to persuade.
28
What does repeal mean?
To take back, cancel.
29
Define civil disobedience.
A nonviolent protest in response to a catalyst breaking a law as a means for protest.
30
What does intolerable mean?
Unable to withstand; usually a punishment.
31
What actions were taken by the First Continental Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts?
1. Mailed grievances to the king 2. Told colonial militias to begin preparing 3. Drafted Declaration of Rights ## Footnote These actions united the colonies in opposition to British rule.
32
Describe the events and significance of the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
Lexington: First battle of the war; 70 minutemen faced British. After a shot of unknown origin, 8 minutemen died. Concord: First Patriot victory; minutemen retaliated and drove British back to Boston. Significance: First Patriot victory of the war.
33
What actions were taken by the Second Continental Congress after Lexington and Concord?
1. Authorized printing paper for troops 2. Created Continental Army and made Washington General 3. Olive Branch Petition 4. Sent word to states to make constitutions and conventions 5. Sent Declaration of Rights ## Footnote These actions marked the formal beginning of the American Revolution.
34
What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?
It helped show Patriots had a chance fighting Britain ## Footnote The Battle of Bunker Hill was an early and significant battle in the Revolutionary War that boosted Patriot morale.
35
What was the significance of Dorchester Heights?
Secured Boston for the Continental Army ## Footnote This strategic position allowed the Continental Army to gain control of Boston.
36
Who wrote 'Common Sense'?
Thomas Paine ## Footnote 'Common Sense' was a pamphlet that advocated for American independence.
37
Why did Thomas Paine write 'Common Sense'?
To convince neutralists to favor Patriot ideals ## Footnote It aimed to persuade undecided colonists to support independence from Britain.
38
List one argument Thomas Paine made in 'Common Sense'.
1. Anti-Monarchy 2. The king limited rights of colonists 3. American economy could flourish 4. Everyone has unalienable rights ## Footnote These arguments were pivotal in rallying support for independence.
39
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson ## Footnote Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration, which proclaimed American independence.
40
The Declaration of Independence is based on the ideas of which Enlightenment philosopher?
John Locke ## Footnote Locke's ideas about natural rights heavily influenced the Declaration.
41
What are the unalienable rights listed in the Declaration of Independence?
1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Pursuit of happiness ## Footnote These rights are considered fundamental and cannot be taken away.
42
What does unalienable mean?
Undeniable, guarantees to all persons ## Footnote This term emphasizes that these rights are inherent to every individual.
43
When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?
July 4, 1776 ## Footnote This date is celebrated as Independence Day in the United States.
44
According to the Declaration, what must governments do?
Protect the rights of the citizens ## Footnote If they fail to do so, it is the citizens' obligation to change or reform the government.
45
What is a grievance?
A complaint against a person or thing ## Footnote The Declaration lists grievances against the British king as justification for independence.
46
What percentage of Americans were neutral during the Revolutionary War?
40% ## Footnote This indicates a significant portion of the population did not take sides.
47
What were the advantages of the Continental Army?
1. Better Leadership 2. Foreign Aid 3. Knowledge of land 4. Motivation ## Footnote These factors contributed to the resilience of the Continental Army.
48
What were the disadvantages of the Continental Army?
1. Smaller Army 2. Untrained 3. Little supplies ## Footnote These disadvantages posed significant challenges for the Continental Army.
49
What was the primary strategy of the Continental Army?
Favor defensive tactics ## Footnote Washington opted for guerrilla warfare to outlast the British forces.
50
What were the advantages of the British Army?
1. Full support 2. Funded by the king 3. Trained and disciplined 4. Supplied and well-armed ## Footnote These advantages provided the British Army with significant resources and manpower.
51
What were the disadvantages of the British Army?
1. Formally trained (not effective) 2. Little motivation ## Footnote These factors hindered their effectiveness in the conflict.
52
What was the initial strategy of the British Army?
Tried to cut off New England and then went south ## Footnote This strategy aimed to capitalize on the concentration of Loyalists in the southern colonies.
53
What battles are considered the turning point of the American Revolution?
Battle of Saratoga and Trenton
54
Why did the battles of Saratoga and Trenton cause the war to turn in favor of the Americans?
Showed countries in Europe that America could win, brought foreign aid
55
Describe the difficulties American soldiers faced at Valley Forge.
Survived unbearable winter without food, clothing, and shelter
56
What did surviving Valley Forge prove about the Continental Army?
The Army was strong and could outlast adversity
57
What was the British strategy in the Southern Colonies?
Utilize Loyalist population and slaves to enlist
58
Name and describe the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Washington blocked Cornwallis, leading to his surrender on October 19, 1781, capturing 8,000 British
59
List the three major terms of the Treaty of Paris 1783.
* US recognized as independent * Set US boundaries - Mississippi River, Canada, Spanish Florida
60
Identify the role of King George III in the American Revolution.
King of Britain who fought against America
61
Who was George Washington?
General of the Continental Army
62
What was Paul Revere's contribution to the Revolution?
Convinced neutralists to become Patriots by spreading common sense
63
What did Paul Revere do during the Revolution?
Went on midnight ride to warn of British, made Boston Massacre print
64
Who was Wentworth Cheswell?
Warned those in New Hampshire via ride, first African American elected to public office
65
What did Abigail Adams advocate for during the Revolution?
Helped families and urged her husband to 'remember the ladies'
66
What was Mercy Otis Warren's contribution to the Patriot cause?
Wrote poems, plays, and songs to convince support for Patriots
67
What role did Benjamin Franklin play in the Revolution?
Went to France to seek foreign aid and negotiate Treaty of Paris
68
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
French General who helped fight in the war
69
What was James Armistead's role during the Revolution?
African American who served as a spy for Lafayette
70
What is John Paul Jones known for?
Most famous naval patriot, won battle against Serapis and said 'I've not yet begun to fight'
71
What was John Locke's philosophy related to the Revolution?
Argued citizens have rights and a social contract with government
72
What was John Hancock's significance in the Revolution?
Member of Sons of Liberty, funded Patriots, first to sign Declaration of Independence
73
What was Thomas Jefferson's contribution to the American Revolution?
Wrote the Declaration of Independence
74
What is Patrick Henry famous for saying?
'Give me liberty or give me death'

US History Midterm Review (4 decks)

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