Midterm Review - Unit 2

Question 1

Why did the British government abandon salutary neglect after the French and Indian War?

Answer 1

The French-Indian War cost Britain a lot of money, and they felt they had to keep the colonies in check.

Question 2

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764?

Answer 2

Set duties on imported molasses and sugar to raise money in the colonies.

Question 3

What were the colonial reactions to the Sugar Act?

Answer 3

Merchants had to list goods and it hurt smugglers. Colonists were outraged, leading to boycotts.

Question 4

Who founded the Committees of Correspondence?

Answer 4

Samuel Adams.

Question 5

What did the colonists mean by ‘no taxation without representation’?

Answer 5

The colonists wanted a say in the House of Commons as they thought it was unfair to be taxed without representation.

Question 6

What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

Answer 6

Set a tax on all documents and paper products.

Question 7

What was a significant colonial reaction to the Stamp Act?

Answer 7

It gave power to vice-admiralty courts and was the first instance of being taxed directly.

Question 8

What was the British response to the challenges posed by the Stamp Act?

Answer 8

Parliament was upset and passed the Declaratory Act.

Question 9

What did the Quartering Act allow?

Answer 9

Allowed British soldiers to be housed in colonists’ homes and provided with food and bedding.

Question 10

What items were taxed under the Townshend Acts of 1767?

Answer 10

Glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea.

Question 11

What was the colonial reaction to the Townshend Acts?

Answer 11

Colonists boycotted with groups like the Daughters of Liberty.

Question 12

What was the Boston Massacre?

Answer 12

An event on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers fired into a crowd, killing Crispus Attucks and four others.

Question 13

What role did Crispus Attucks play in the Boston Massacre?

Answer 13

He was the first to die in the Boston Massacre.

Question 14

Who was Samuel Adams and what was his role?

Answer 14

He formed the Sons of Liberty and was involved in spreading propaganda.

Question 15

What did Paul Revere do related to the Boston Massacre?

Answer 15

Created a heavily published, propagandic print of the massacre.

Question 16

What was John Adams’ role regarding the British soldiers accused in the Boston Massacre?

Answer 16

He defended the accused British soldiers in court.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The first act passed to raise money in the colonies was the _______.

Answer 17

Sugar Act

Question 18

True or False: The Boston Massacre was a peaceful protest.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What happened to the Townshend Acts?

Answer 19

All of the Townshend Acts, except for the Tea Act, were repealed.

The repeal occurred due to colonial opposition and economic pressure.

Question 20

What was the purpose of the Tea Act?

Answer 20

To allow the British East India Company to sell tea directly to colonists with a tax.

This aimed to undercut colonial tea merchants.

Question 21

Explain the Boston Tea Party.

Answer 21

On December 16, 1773, the Sons of Liberty boarded three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act.

This act of defiance was a significant event leading to the American Revolution.

Question 22

What were the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts?

Answer 22

Four main laws intended to punish the colonists after the Boston Tea Party:
* Boston Harbor closed until damages were paid
* Massachusetts General Council closed
* New, stricter Quartering Act
* Quebec Act gave land to Quebec
In addition, British officers accused of crimes in the colonies went to Britain for trial

These laws intensified colonial unrest.

Question 23

Define the term ‘act’ as it relates to Unit 2.

Answer 23

A law.

Question 24

What is a boycott?

Answer 24

A protest involving lowering demand for a product or service by not using it.

Question 25

What is a committee?

Answer 25

A group of people gathered to create a decision.

Question 26

Define correspondence.

Answer 26

An exchange of letters.

Question 27

What is propaganda?

Answer 27

A one-sided, often political work of art or literary work intended to persuade.

Question 28

What does repeal mean?

Answer 28

To take back, cancel.

Question 29

Define civil disobedience.

Answer 29

A nonviolent protest in response to a catalyst breaking a law as a means for protest.

Question 30

What does intolerable mean?

Answer 30

Unable to withstand; usually a punishment.

Question 31

What actions were taken by the First Continental Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 31

1. Mailed grievances to the king 2. Told colonial militias to begin preparing 3. Drafted Declaration of Rights ## Footnote These actions united the colonies in opposition to British rule.

Question 32

Describe the events and significance of the Battles of Lexington and Concord.

Answer 32

Lexington: First battle of the war; 70 minutemen faced British. After a shot of unknown origin, 8 minutemen died. Concord: First Patriot victory; minutemen retaliated and drove British back to Boston. Significance: First Patriot victory of the war.

Question 33

What actions were taken by the Second Continental Congress after Lexington and Concord?

Answer 33

1. Authorized printing paper for troops 2. Created Continental Army and made Washington General 3. Olive Branch Petition 4. Sent word to states to make constitutions and conventions 5. Sent Declaration of Rights ## Footnote These actions marked the formal beginning of the American Revolution.

Question 34

What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?

Answer 34

It helped show Patriots had a chance fighting Britain ## Footnote The Battle of Bunker Hill was an early and significant battle in the Revolutionary War that boosted Patriot morale.

Question 35

What was the significance of Dorchester Heights?

Answer 35

Secured Boston for the Continental Army ## Footnote This strategic position allowed the Continental Army to gain control of Boston.

Question 36

Who wrote 'Common Sense'?

Answer 36

Thomas Paine ## Footnote 'Common Sense' was a pamphlet that advocated for American independence.

Question 37

Why did Thomas Paine write 'Common Sense'?

Answer 37

To convince neutralists to favor Patriot ideals ## Footnote It aimed to persuade undecided colonists to support independence from Britain.

Question 38

List one argument Thomas Paine made in 'Common Sense'.

Answer 38

1. Anti-Monarchy 2. The king limited rights of colonists 3. American economy could flourish 4. Everyone has unalienable rights ## Footnote These arguments were pivotal in rallying support for independence.

Question 39

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 39

Thomas Jefferson ## Footnote Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration, which proclaimed American independence.

Question 40

The Declaration of Independence is based on the ideas of which Enlightenment philosopher?

Answer 40

John Locke ## Footnote Locke's ideas about natural rights heavily influenced the Declaration.

Question 41

What are the unalienable rights listed in the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 41

1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Pursuit of happiness ## Footnote These rights are considered fundamental and cannot be taken away.

Question 42

What does unalienable mean?

Answer 42

Undeniable, guarantees to all persons ## Footnote This term emphasizes that these rights are inherent to every individual.

Question 43

When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?

Answer 43

July 4, 1776 ## Footnote This date is celebrated as Independence Day in the United States.

Question 44

According to the Declaration, what must governments do?

Answer 44

Protect the rights of the citizens ## Footnote If they fail to do so, it is the citizens' obligation to change or reform the government.

Question 45

What is a grievance?

Answer 45

A complaint against a person or thing ## Footnote The Declaration lists grievances against the British king as justification for independence.

Question 46

What percentage of Americans were neutral during the Revolutionary War?

Answer 46

40% ## Footnote This indicates a significant portion of the population did not take sides.

Question 47

What were the advantages of the Continental Army?

Answer 47

1. Better Leadership 2. Foreign Aid 3. Knowledge of land 4. Motivation ## Footnote These factors contributed to the resilience of the Continental Army.

Question 48

What were the disadvantages of the Continental Army?

Answer 48

1. Smaller Army 2. Untrained 3. Little supplies ## Footnote These disadvantages posed significant challenges for the Continental Army.

Question 49

What was the primary strategy of the Continental Army?

Answer 49

Favor defensive tactics ## Footnote Washington opted for guerrilla warfare to outlast the British forces.

Question 50

What were the advantages of the British Army?

Answer 50

1. Full support 2. Funded by the king 3. Trained and disciplined 4. Supplied and well-armed ## Footnote These advantages provided the British Army with significant resources and manpower.

Question 51

What were the disadvantages of the British Army?

Answer 51

1. Formally trained (not effective) 2. Little motivation ## Footnote These factors hindered their effectiveness in the conflict.

Question 52

What was the initial strategy of the British Army?

Answer 52

Tried to cut off New England and then went south ## Footnote This strategy aimed to capitalize on the concentration of Loyalists in the southern colonies.

Question 53

What battles are considered the turning point of the American Revolution?

Answer 53

Battle of Saratoga and Trenton

Question 54

Why did the battles of Saratoga and Trenton cause the war to turn in favor of the Americans?

Answer 54

Showed countries in Europe that America could win, brought foreign aid

Question 55

Describe the difficulties American soldiers faced at Valley Forge.

Answer 55

Survived unbearable winter without food, clothing, and shelter

Question 56

What did surviving Valley Forge prove about the Continental Army?

Answer 56

The Army was strong and could outlast adversity

Question 57

What was the British strategy in the Southern Colonies?

Answer 57

Utilize Loyalist population and slaves to enlist

Question 58

Name and describe the last major battle of the American Revolution.

Answer 58

Washington blocked Cornwallis, leading to his surrender on October 19, 1781, capturing 8,000 British

Question 59

List the three major terms of the Treaty of Paris 1783.

Answer 59

* US recognized as independent * Set US boundaries - Mississippi River, Canada, Spanish Florida

Question 60

Identify the role of King George III in the American Revolution.

Answer 60

King of Britain who fought against America

Question 61

Who was George Washington?

Answer 61

General of the Continental Army

Question 62

What was Paul Revere's contribution to the Revolution?

Answer 62

Convinced neutralists to become Patriots by spreading common sense

Question 63

What did Paul Revere do during the Revolution?

Answer 63

Went on midnight ride to warn of British, made Boston Massacre print

Question 64

Who was Wentworth Cheswell?

Answer 64

Warned those in New Hampshire via ride, first African American elected to public office

Question 65

What did Abigail Adams advocate for during the Revolution?

Answer 65

Helped families and urged her husband to 'remember the ladies'

Question 66

What was Mercy Otis Warren's contribution to the Patriot cause?

Answer 66

Wrote poems, plays, and songs to convince support for Patriots

Question 67

What role did Benjamin Franklin play in the Revolution?

Answer 67

Went to France to seek foreign aid and negotiate Treaty of Paris

Question 68

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

Answer 68

French General who helped fight in the war

Question 69

What was James Armistead's role during the Revolution?

Answer 69

African American who served as a spy for Lafayette

Question 70

What is John Paul Jones known for?

Answer 70

Most famous naval patriot, won battle against Serapis and said 'I've not yet begun to fight'

Question 71

What was John Locke's philosophy related to the Revolution?

Answer 71

Argued citizens have rights and a social contract with government

Question 72

What was John Hancock's significance in the Revolution?

Answer 72

Member of Sons of Liberty, funded Patriots, first to sign Declaration of Independence

Question 73

What was Thomas Jefferson's contribution to the American Revolution?

Answer 73

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Question 74

What is Patrick Henry famous for saying?

Answer 74

'Give me liberty or give me death'