Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
(28 cards)
Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis (creation) of each polypeptide chain molecule?
a. Answer choices: ___ molecules of water are ___
of water molecules corresponds to the # of polypeptide bonds
Electronegativity comparison
O > N > C/H/S/P
Nonpolar functional groups
methyl, sulfhydryl
Uncharged polar functional groups
hydroxyl carbonyl
charged polar functional groups
carboxyl, phosphate, amino/amide
In preparing your polypeptide chain for a follow-up experiment, you accidentally mix your polypeptide
chain sample with a solution that has a pH of [pH redacted] instead of your solution that is balanced at
physiological pH. Which of the following structures best reflects the form of the polypeptide chain that
you would most likely detect as a result of this mistake?
If the pH is lower, there will be more hydrogen.
Which of the following best describes the structure of the IgG antibody?
heterotetromer
What type of bond holds together quaternary structure of proteins
hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals
What happens to SDS page if reducing agent doesn’t work
It’ll just be one big clump
How do reducing agents work
they give electrons and break up disulfide bonds
What makes up a triglyceride
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What makes up a fatty acid
Polar head and nonpolar tail
What does lipase do
Breaks down ester bonds which are covalent
Acetyl-CoA from fatty acid beta-oxidation enters into the citric acid cycle, combining with a 4-carbon
molecule called oxaloacetate to form a 6-carbon molecule called citrate. Based on the principles of
chemical equilibrium, what would you expect to see in a cell that increases its fatty acid beta-oxidation
rates?
If you increase the rate you’ll get more acetyl coA, which means more citric acid cycle
The reaction is pushed to the right
Citric acid cycle equation
acetyl coA –> 3 NADH, 2CO2, FADH, ATP
How much ATP does acetyl coA usually make?
12
Cellular respiration net equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6H20, 6CO2, 38 ATP
Where do allosteric things bind
Regulatory site
How many carbons are in pyruvate, and where do they go
3 carbons, 2 go to acetyl-coa and one goes two CO2
How many acetyl coA are created from one molecule of glucose
2
In the mitochondria, where is the pH the lowest
inter-membrane space
What happens in light dependent reactions
Water is oxidized to oxygen and NAD+ is reduced to NADH
What happens in light independent reactions
O2 is reduced to sugar and NADH is oxidized
What are the differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cells have: cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuoles
Animal cells have: centrioles, centrosomes, small vacuoles, cilia/flagella
