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6th Final Study Guides > Midterm Study Guide For Geography Questions > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide For Geography Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do scientists believe that the first humans lived in Africa?

A

Because the oldest fossils have been found there.

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2
Q

How did technology help Paleolithic humans survive?

A

By making tools out of stones, and they also used fire.

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3
Q

How was the Nile River important in the development of civilization in ancient Egypt?

A

The flooding of the Nile made the soil fertile, so it could produce enough food to allow the civilization to develop.

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4
Q

Why was Egypt’s New Kingdom considered the most powerful of the three kingdoms?

A

It conquered lands outside of Egypt in Africa and Asia.

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5
Q

Which groups helped the pharaoh rule Egypt?

A

Nobles, Priests, and Officials.

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6
Q

Were slaves in ancient Egypt enslaved for life?

A

No, slaves were freed once they had served for a certain period of time.

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7
Q

Why were Egyptians loyal to the Pharaoh?

A

They believed the Pharaoh was chosen by the Gods to lead them, and that the gods would reward them for their loyalty to the Pharaoh after they died.

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8
Q

Why was the Great Sphinx built?

A

To protect the great pyramids of Khoufu at Giza.

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9
Q

What happened when Arabs arrived in North Africa?

A

They built trading centers and mosques, spread the Arabic language and Islam, made North Africa into a cultural center of the Islamic world, and took over trans-Saharan trade routes.

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10
Q

How did Muslims in North Africa treat people who practiced other religions in areas they controlled?

A

They allowed them to follow their own religions.

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11
Q

How did natural resources play a role in the growth of the kingdom of Ghana?

A

Weapons made from iron helped the people of Ghana conquer other regions, and the kingdom’s plentiful gold was in demand in North Africa, making Ghana an important trade partner.

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12
Q

How did rulers increase their power as empires grew?

A

They collected taxes and tribute payments from people as they conquered them.

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13
Q

How do you know that the people of Axum practiced polytheism before they adopted Christianity?

A

They built monuments to their many gods.

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14
Q

What pulled migrants to southern Africa?

A

Open land.

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15
Q

Why was Great Zimbabwe an important center of economic activity in southern Africa?

A

It was a major trading city.

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16
Q

What did the Swahili import from Southwest Asia and China?

A

Ceramics, glassware, silver and copper jewelry from Southwest Asia, and silk from China.

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17
Q

Which European nation had the largest presence in southern Africa?

A

Britain.

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18
Q

How did the slave trade differ before and after the 1500s?

A

After the 1500s, the slave trade was greater in size, more disruptive to African society, and resulted in the movement of people from Africa to the Americas.

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19
Q

How did European powers benefit from colonial domination of Africa?

A

They gained access to the continent’s valuable natural resources and control of trade routes.

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20
Q

In Ghana, what political leader promoted the idea of Pan-Africanism?

A

Kwame Nkrumah.

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21
Q

In what years did Kenya and Nigeria gain their independence?

A

Kenya gained its independence in 1963. Nigeria gained its independence in 1960.

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22
Q

What Nigerian independence leader became that country’s first president?

A

Nnamdi Azikiwe and his image appears on Nigerian currency.

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23
Q

What started the conflict in Darfur?

A

Scarce water.

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24
Q

What were the three main issues that motivated the Arab Spring protests?

A

Corruption, lack of democracy, and the lack of freedom.

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25
Which region of Africa was most affected by the Arab Spring?
North Africa.
26
How many square miles of oases are across the Sahara?
About only 800 square miles.
27
What geographic feature acts as an unofficial dividing line between North Africa and the rest of the continent?
The Sahara desert.
28
How have settlement patterns in Africa changed since 1950?
One-seventh of the population lived in cities in 1950, two-fifths of the population lives in cities today.
29
Where is Islam the majority religion in modern-day Africa?
Islam is practiced as a majority religion across North Africa, and it is also dominant in coastal East Africa.
30
What different religions are practiced in Africa?
Islam, Christianity, Indigenous, or native religions.
31
Name 2 issues in Kenya and Nigeria that indicate that those countries’ governments are not full democracy?
1. Voter intimidation 2. Limits on press freedom.
32
How are the governments of South Africa and Equatorial Guinea different?
South Africa is a democracy and Equatorial Guinea is an autocracy.
33
How are agricultural exports an example of the use of natural resources?
Agricultural exports depend on fertile soil which is a natural resource.
34
What products does Nigeria specialize in?
Nigeria almost exclusively exports oil and natural gas.
35
How do capital investment and literacy rates vary in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa?
Capital investment is highest in South Africa and lowest in Kenya, literacy rates are also highest in South Africa but lowest in Nigeria.
36
How can corruption affect the government?
If government officials use power for their own gain, it can hurt the people they represent.
37
How is malaria often the result of lack of fresh water?
Without a steady supply of water, some people store it inside their houses, where it can attract malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
38
What is the connection between Africa’s population growth and the rate of deforestation?
Africa’s growing population needs more land for crops and raising livestock, leading to deforestation.
39
What are some causes of desertification?
Overgrazing, cutting down of scarce trees, and drought.
40
How many Africans die every hour from water pollution according to The World Health Organization?
115 Africans die every hour from water pollution.
41
What percentage of forests have been cleared in the Ivory Coast area since the late 1900s?
More than 90 percent.
42
Name three challenges that drought can cause.
Famine, inability to grow crops, and fighting over land that is still fertile.
43
How are ethnic and religious conflicts intertwined in Nigeria?
Different ethnic groups tend to practice different religions; the Hausa people are mainly Muslims, while the Yorubas and the Igbos are mainly Christian.
44
What problems do African governments face today?
Overcoming corruption increasing citizens' political participation resolving conflicts among ethnic and religious groups.
45
What are some African countries doing to address common challenges?
They formed international organizations including the African Union to work together to solve common issues such as peacekeeping in war-torn areas.
46
Why are so many young people in South Africa unable to find good jobs?
Many do not receive the education they need to perform more highly skilled jobs.
47
Why is public health in Africa an economic issue?
Widespread disease makes people unable to work, lowering economic output.
48
What are four obstacles to economic growth in Africa?
Lack of industrial equipment shortage of good ways to transport goods disease and famine political instability.
49
How did Ellen Johnson Sirleaf make history in both Liberia and all of Africa?
Sirleaf made history by becoming not only the first female president of Liberia but also the first female head of state in all of Africa.
50
Why did British actions in their mandate area leave so many people dissatisfied?
They had promised the same land to Arabs and Jews, then gave it to neither.
51
How are the actions of Ataturk and Reza Pahlavi as leaders of their respective new nations similar?
They both began modernizing and westernizing their countries.
52
What impact did Golda Meir have on the creation of Israel?
She was a signer of the Israeli declaration of independence and a prime minister who worked to defend a new nation.
53
What were the reasons the United States and Iraq fought two wars?
In 1991, US and allied forces fought to remove invading Iraqi troops from Kuwait. In 2003, the US and some allies invaded Iraq looking for weapons of mass destruction, which were never found.
54
What was the main cause of Lebanon’s civil war?
Christians had more political power than Muslims, but upon becoming the majority, Muslims fought for their right to hold more power.
55
What ethnic groups make up Southwest Asia?
Arabs and non-Arabs such as Turks, Persians, Jewish Israelis, Kurds, and Christian Greeks.
56
What do the Muslims of this region share in common?
All Muslims share the basic beliefs of the faith and follow the Five Pillars of Islam.
57
What is the relationship between Wahhabism and Islamism?
Wahhabism is a form of Islamism.
58
What makes Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Israel unusual among the nations of this region?
They are the only countries that do not have a majority Arab population.
59
What is the largest ethnic group in Iran?
Persians are the largest ethnic group in Iran.
60
Why are some countries in Southwest Asia able to afford so many modern buildings?
They make a lot of money exporting oil.
61
What is cultural diffusion?
The spread of aspects of culture from one place to another.
62
Why do so many people still live in the Fertile Crescent, where ancient civilizations arose?
There is water there, so they are able to farm.
63
Which areas of Southwest Asia have wetter climates?
Turkey, northern and western Iran.
64
Which countries have the least oil?
Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan produce little or no oil.
65
What is OPEC, and why is it important to the region?
It stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is important to the region because its members control oil prices and profits.
66
Why is Turkey’s economy so diverse?
It was a more market-oriented economy, which has enabled it to create a more diversified economy.
67
What does ISIS stand for?
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.
68
What was the Intifada in the late 1980s, and what were its effects?
The Intifada was an uprising of Palestinian resistance against Israeli control. More than 1,000 people died in the resulting violence.
69
Were the Oslo Accords effective?
No, because each side accused the other of breaking the agreement.
70
What are two barriers that have blocked recent peace talks in this area of the region?
Hamas winning most of the seats in the Palestinian parliament and expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
71
Why has the Palestinian-Israeli conflict persisted?
Both Jews and Palestinians see the land as their homeland, resulting in a cycle of violence.
72
What happened after Saddam Hussein was removed from power?
Rival groups tried to take power. There were many attacks, and civil war broke out.
73
What are some of the effects of the Syrian Civil War?
Hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths, millions of refugees, and attacks by ISIS.
74
Why is the Syrian civil war so complex?
It involves a civil war, intrusion by ISIS, and the military participation of Russia and the United States.
75
List the eight countries found in South Asia. Which two countries are islands?
Afghanistan (Kabul) Bhutan (Thimphu) Pakistan (Islamabad) Bangladesh (Dhaka) India (New Delhi) Maldives (Male) Nepal (Kathmandu) Sri Lanka (Colombo). The islands are Maldives and Sri Lanka.
76
Emperor Asoka had three rules governing moral law, what were those three?
Ahimsa or the belief that one should not hurt any living thing Tolerance or the willingness to respect different beliefs and customs People’s well being to care for others
77
What are the two mountain ranges found in South Asia?
Himalayas and the Hindu Kush.
78
What was a caste?
A fixed social class into which a person was born.
79
Where did someone inherit their caste from?
From their parents.
80
The most basic grouping in a caste was by what?
Occupation.
81
What does Hinduism mean?
Religion of the people of India.
82
What does Hinduism teach about death?
Reincarnation into the soul of a new body.
83
What are the four goals of someone who practices Hinduism in South Asia?
Doing what is right (Dharma) striving for well-being or earning a livelihood with dignity pleasure liberation from reincarnation (Moksha).
84
What are two ways that Hinduism and Buddhism are similar?
Belief in karma and the cycle of rebirth, and practice of meditation in order to reach spiritual goals.
85
What are the Major Religions in South Asia?
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism.
86
What are the Major Ethnic Groups in South Asia?
Hindi, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Tajik, Bengali, Sinhalese, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil.
87
What types of businesses will you find in South Asia?
Agriculture, trade, outsourcing, manufacturing, and software/technical support.
88
What are the top 6 challenges that South Asia faces today?
Poverty, low literacy rates, pollution, sexism, inequality, and water issues.
89
Buddha was responsible for expressing what idea?
This is my last advice to you. All . . . things in the world are changeable. They are not lasting. Work hard to gain your own salvation.

6th Final Study Guides (5 decks)

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