MIDTERMS Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
qualitative decrease in size of cells.
A
Atrophy
2
Q
qualitative increase in size of cells.
A
Hypertrophy
3
Q
qualitative increase in number of cells.
A
Hyperplasia
4
Q
transformation of one cell to another.
A
Metaplasia
5
Q
it is the reversion of cell, lacks in structure.
A
Anaplasia
6
Q
abnormality in size, shape, orientation of
cell.
A
Dysplasia
7
Q
formation of new cell with atypical cellular
structure with increase mitotic figure.
A
Neoplasia
8
Q
Animal starch is
A
Glycogen
9
Q
principal fluid medium, constituting 70% of cell
mass.
A
Water
10
Q
most abundant substance 10% to 20% of cell
mass, building block is amino acids.
A
Proteins
11
Q
makes up 2% of cells, building blocks is fatty
acids and glycerol.
A
Lipids
12
Q
is the stored form of lipids in fat cells.
A
Triglyceride
13
Q
provides most of the nutritional
requirements of cell
A
Carbohydrates
14
Q
Blood sugar, simplest form of
carbohydrates for cell metabolism
A
Glucose
15
Q
stored in skeletal muscles and
it is the storage form of carbohydrates.
A
Glycogen
16
Q
is the carbohydrate component of cell
membrane
A
Glycocalyx
17
Q
Type of cells that divide through Meiosis and is Haploid (n).
A
Germ cells/Gametes
18
Q
Type of cells that divide through Mitosis and is Diploid (2n).
A
Somatic Cells
19
Q
“Resting phase” of the cell and it is known to be the longest phase.
A
Interphase
20
Q
Cell Division Phase: Condensation of nuclear material, nucleus
becomes darker
A
Prophase
21
Q
Cell Division Phase: Chromosomes thicken and become visible while
the nuclear membrane and nucleus disappear
A
Prophase
22
Q
Cell Division Phase:
Chromosomes line up of along equatorial plate.
A
Metaphase
23
Q
Cell Division Phase:
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and move
toward opposite poles
A
Anaphase
24
Q
Cell Division Phase:
Each chromatid from separated chromosomes
become the chromatids of daughter cells, and the
nucleus and nuclear membrane reappear.
A
Telophase
25
Organelles: Boat/sausage-shaped organelle which is long regarded as powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondrion
26
Organelles: Produces energy in the form of ATP through Kreb’s Cycle/Citric/Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Mitochondrion
27
Organelles: Contains hydrolytic phagocytic cells/cell capable of engulfing bacteria
Lysosome
28
Organelles: contains oxidative
enzymes for neutralize and destroys foreign agents
Peroxisome
29
Organelle: for protein synthesis for external or
outside the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
30
Organelle: Lipid, Steroid and
Carbohydrate synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
31
Organelle: Half moon/cresent-shaped
Golgi Apparatus
32
Organelle: Packaging center of secretory products of Rough ER and Smooth ER prior to release out of cells
Golgi Apparatus
33
Organelle: Protein synthesis for internal use
Ribosomes
34
Organelle: Helps in formation and guides spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis
Centriole
35
Organelle: Storage of nutrients, proteins, pigments
Vacuole
36
Bones of the: Shoulder Girdle/Thoracic Girdle
Scapula, Clavicle, Coracoid
37
Bones of the: Arm/Brachium
Humerus
38
Bones of the: Forearm/Antebrachium
Radius and Ulna
39
Bones of the: Manus
Carpals, Metacarpals, & Phalanges
40
Bones of the: Pelvic Girdle
Os coxae (Ilium, Ischium,
Pubis)
41
Bones of the: Thigh
Femur & Patella
42
Bones of the: True Leg/Crus
Tibia and Fibula
43
Bones of the: Pes
Tarsals, Metatarsals, & Phalanges
44
Splanchnic Skeleton: also known as baculum, present in dogs
Os penis
45
Splanchnic Skeleton: present in the snout of pigs, square in shape.
Os rostri
46
Splanchnic Skeleton: present in the heart of ox/cattle.
Os cordis
47
Splanchnic Skeleton: rare/abnormal in cats
Os clitoris
48
Splanchnic Skeleton: present in chicken
Os entoglossum
49
blood cells are produced in what bone
long bones and flat bones in adults
50
Inorganic Framework of bones constitutes what %
65-70%
51
Organic Framework of bones constitutes what %
30-35%
52
is the deposition of calcium salt, Blood calcium to bone which is stimulated by:
Calcitonin
53
What hormone stimulates Bone Mineralization
Calcitonin
54
is the withdrawal of calcium salt which is stimulated by:
Parathyroid Hormone
55
What hormone stimulates Bone Demineralization
Parathyroid Hormone
56
Hormone responsible that increases the calcium in the blood
Parathyroid Hormone
57
Hormone responsible that decreases the calcium in the blood
Calcitonin
58
outer lining of bone
Periosteum
59
inner lining
Endosteum
60
a space that contains bone
marrow
Medullary
61
hard and heavy bone tissue in the diaphysis.
Compact Bone
62
soft spongy bone tissue in the
metaphyseal region.
Cancellous bone
63
perforation of opening wherein nutrient enter the bone marrow of long bone.
Nutrient Foramen
64
Types of Bone: Acts as levers
Long Bones
65
Long Bones Examples
Humerus, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Radius, and Ulna
66
Types of Bone: Has irregular shape
Irregular Bones
67
Types of Bone: For support and ligament attachment
Irregular Bones
68
Irregular Bones Examples
Vertebrae, bones at the base of the skull
69
Types of Bone: Diffuses concussion
Short Bones
70
Short Bones Examples
Carpals and Tarsals
71
Type of Bone: Present in avian
Pneumatic Bones
72
Type of Bone: Hollow bone, air space is present inside
Pneumatic Bones
73
Pneumatic Bones Example
Humerus, clavicle, and Sternum
74
Type of Bone: Protective and provides large area for muscle
attachment
Flat Bones
75
Type of Bone: Dorsoventrally flattened
Flat Bones
76
Flat Bones Examples
Scapula, Ox coxae
77
Type of Bone: Resembles the shape of sesame seed
Sesamoid Bones
78
Bones along longitudinal axis
Axial Skeleton
79
bones of the interior and posterior limb
Appendicular Skeleton
80
Cranial Bones of the Skull
Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Interparietal
81
Facial Bones of the Skull
Incisive, Maxilla, Nasal, Conchae (Turbinate), Lacrimal, Pterygoid, Palatine, Zygomatic, Mandible, Vomer
82
Paired Cranial Bones
Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Occipital
83
Unpaired Cranial Bones
Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Interparietal
84
Paired Facial Bones
Incisive, Maxilla, Nasal, Conchae (Turbinate), Lacrimal, Pterygoid, Palatine, Zygomatic, Mandible
85
Unpaired Facial Bones
Vomer
86
What are the bones of the Axial Skeleton
Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs, Sternum
87
well developed in avian but
rudimentary in mammals.
Coracoid
88
otherwise known as the blade bone.
Scapula
89
is a well-developed bone in avian otherwise known as Furcula or the wishbone while in mammals it is known to be
the collarbone.
Clavicle
90
It is the bone of the arm
Humerus
91
Distal to this is the radius and ulna
Humerus
92
It is the bone of the forearm
Radius and Ulna
93
Distal to this is the carpals
Radius and Ulna
94
Otherwise known as the Os coxae
Pelvic Girdle
95
3 bones of Os coxae are the ?
ilium, pubis, and ischium
96
It is the bone of the thigh.
Femur
97
Ventral to femur is the tibia and fibula.
Femur
98
These are the bones of the crus or the true leg of animals which has two bones.
Tibia and Fibula
99
Distal to it are the Tarsal, Metatarsals and
phalanges.
Tibia and Fibula
100
it is a scroll of bones located inside the maxilla
Concha (Turbinates)
101
Also known as the malar or jugal bone
Zygomatic
102
which forms the bone of the lower jaw
Mandible
103
Caudal aspect articulates with the temporal bone
Mandible
104
Segments of the Vertebral Column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal
105
It is the first cervical bone
Atlas
106
There is a presence of fovea dentis
Atlas
107
Presence of alar wing
Atlas
108
Marked by the odontoid process which articulates with fovea dentis
Axis
109
Carpal bones: Proximal row
− Radial carpal – scaphoid
− Ulnar carpal – triquetrum
− Accessory carpal – Pisiforme
110
Carpal bones: Distal row
− Carpal I - Trapezium
− Carpal II – Trapezoideum
− Carpal III – Os capitatum
− Carpal IV – Os hamatum
111
Tarsal bones: Proximal row
− Tibial tarsal – Talus
− Fibular tarsal – Calcaneus
− Central tarsal – Navicular
112
Tarsal bones: Distal row
Tarsal I – Os cuneiform mediale
− Tarsal II – Os cuneiform intermedium
− Tarsal III – Os cuneiform laterale
− Tarsal IV – Os cuboideum
113
Radial carpal other term
scaphoid
114
Ulnar carpal other term
triquetrum
115
Accessory carpal other term
Pisiforme
116
Carpal I other term
Trapezium
117
Carpal II other term
Trapezoideum
118
Carpal III other term
Os capitatum
119
Carpal IV other term
Os hamatum
120
Tibial tarsal other term
Talus
121
Fibular tarsal other term
Calcaneus
122
Central tarsal other term
Navicular
123
Tarsal I other term
Os Cuneiform Mediale
124
Tarsal II other term
Os Cuneiform intermedium
125
Tarsal III other term
Os Cuneiform laterale
126
Tarsal IV other term
Os Cuboideum
