neuroendocrine_extended_flashcards

Question 1

Responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer 1

Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)

Question 2

Responsible for vision.

Answer 2

Cranial Nerve II (Optic)

Question 3

Controls movement of eyeball muscles.

Answer 3

Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

Question 4

Controls movement of the superior oblique muscle.

Answer 4

Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)

Question 5

Innervates the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.

Answer 5

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)

Question 6

Controls movement of the lateral rectus muscle.

Answer 6

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens)

Question 7

Controls movement of facial muscles.

Answer 7

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Question 8

Responsible for hearing and balance.

Answer 8

Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

Question 9

Innervates taste buds and aids in gustation.

Answer 9

Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)

Question 10

Innervates thoracic and abdominal organs.

Answer 10

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

Question 11

Innervates neck and shoulder structures.

Answer 11

Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory)

Question 12

Controls tongue muscle movements.

Answer 12

Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)

Question 13

3 vesicle origin of the brain

Answer 13

Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon.

Question 14

5 vesicle origin of the brain

Answer 14

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon.

Question 15

Telencephalon adult counterpart

Answer 15

Cerebrum.

Question 16

Diencephalon adult counterpart

Answer 16

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Question 17

Mesencephalon adult counterpart

Answer 17

Midbrain.

Question 18

Metencephalon adult counterpart

Answer 18

Pons and cerebellum.

Question 19

Myelencephalon adult counterpart

Answer 19

Medulla oblongata.

Question 20

Has chromophils and chromophobes. Chromophils secrete GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, and Prolactin.

Answer 20

Pars Distalis

Question 21

The non-secretory part of the pituitary gland.

Answer 21

Pars Tuberalis

Question 22

Located between Pars Distalis and Pars Nervosa. Secretes Melanocyte Stimulating Hormones (MSH) in lower animals.

Answer 22

Pars Intermedia

Question 23

Alpha cells secretes?

Answer 23

Secrete glucagon.

Question 24

Beta cells secretes?

Answer 24

Secrete insulin.

Question 25

Delta cells secretes?

Answer 25

Secrete somatostatin.

Question 26

F-cells secretes?

Answer 26

Secrete pancreatic polypeptides.

Question 27

Neuroendocrinology

Answer 27

The study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, particularly how the brain regulates hormonal activity.

Question 28

Nervous and endocrine systems often act together in a process called?

Answer 28

Neuroendocrine integration.

Question 29

What is the main regulatory brain region in neuroendocrinology?

Answer 29

Hypothalamus.

Question 30

Function of the nervous system

Answer 30

Detects and responds to changes in internal and external environments to ensure survival.

Question 31

Function of the endocrine system

Answer 31

Regulates physiological processes through hormone production and secretion.

Question 32

Basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 32

Neuron.

Question 33

Properties of neurons

Answer 33

Irritability (respond to stimuli) and conductivity (transmit impulses).

Question 34

Temporarily stores oxytocin and vasopressin

Answer 34

Pars Nervososa

Question 35

Function of myelin sheath

Answer 35

Insulates nerve fibers and speeds up impulse transmission.

Question 36

Components of the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 36

Brain and spinal cord.

Question 37

Components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 37

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system.

Question 38

Gross subdivisions of the brain

Answer 38

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

Question 39

Seat of conscious activities, memory, and intelligence.

Answer 39

Cerebrum

Question 40

Coordination, balance, and motor control.

Answer 40

Cerebellum

Question 41

Parts of brainstem

Answer 41

pons and medulla oblongata

Question 42

Longest cranial nerve

Answer 42

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).

Question 43

Largest cranial nerve

Answer 43

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).

Question 44

Shortest cranial nerve

Answer 44

Olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I).

Question 45

Location of pneumotaxic and apneustic centers

Answer 45

Pons (Brainstem)

Question 46

Hormones produced by hypothalamus

Answer 46

Oxytocin and vasopressin.

Question 47

Functions of pituitary gland

Answer 47

Secretes various hormones like growth hormone (GH), ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, and stores oxytocin and vasopressin.

Question 48

Hormone secreted by the pineal body

Answer 48

Melatonin.

Question 49

Hormones produced by the adrenal gland

Answer 49

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

Question 50

Hormones secreted by the pancreas

Answer 50

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptides.

Question 51

Examples of peptide hormones

Answer 51

Hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, insulin, and parathormone.

Question 52

Examples of steroidal hormones

Answer 52

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadal hormones.

Question 53

Examples of monoamine hormones

Answer 53

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, T3, T4, melatonin, and serotonin.

Question 54

Functions of thyroid gland hormones

Answer 54

Regulate basal metabolic rate (T3 and T4).

Question 55

Endocrine glands with both endocrine and exocrine functions

Answer 55

Pancreas.

Question 56

Source of testosterone

Answer 56

Testes.

Question 57

Hormones secreted by the placenta

Answer 57

Progesterone and placental lactogens.

Question 58

Part of neuron that interprets neuoral impulses

Answer 58

Cell body

Question 59

Part of neuron that transmit impulses away from the cell body

Answer 59

Axon

Question 60

Part of neuron that transmit impulses towards the body

Answer 60

Dendrites

Question 61

Components of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 61

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 62

protects the brain against pathogens

Answer 62

Meninges

Question 63

Component of Meninges that has a outer, dark layer, tough, faces the skull

Answer 63

Dura mater

Question 64

Component of Meninges which is the intermediate, spider web-like under the microscope

Answer 64

Arachnoidea

Question 65

Component of Meninges which is the inner, delicate layer

Answer 65

Pia mater

Question 66

Nerves mostly with excitatory effects

Answer 66

Sympathethic Nerves/ Thoracolumbar Nerves

Question 67

Nerves mostly with inhibitory effects

Answer 67

Parasympathetic Nerves/ Craniosacral Nerves