MIDTERMS Flashcards
(25 cards)
Why do cultures differ?
H
E
S
E
R
E
T
- History
- Educational background
- Social background
- Ethnic
- Religion
- Ecology
- Technology
2 ways we acquire culture
- Enculturation
- Acculturation
Ways we acquire culture: as soon as an individual is born, he/she begins to acquire the culture around him, with or without any influence
Enculturation
Ways we acquire culture: -is an essential requirement for survival
-reinforcing the basic values, norms of a culture.
Enculturation
In enculturation, the “en” prefix means
enclose, encircle
Ways we acquire culture: is not an essential phenomenon in life but occurs when two cultures meet together
acculturation
ways we acquire culture: is not an essential requirement for survival
-when the values and norms outside culture acquired
acculturation
In acculturation, the “ac” prefix means
accept. access, acclimate
4 types of cultural communication
- cross cultural communication
- international communication
- multicultural communication
- intercultural communication
refers to the effective communication between people/workers/clients of different cultural background. It also includes managing thought patterns and non verbal communication
intercultural communication
4 need (or why we need) for intercultural communication
-success of any international business
-allows workers from different cultures to work together as a group
-worldwide marketing campaign
-an increase in international business
two trends of intercultural communication
-globalization
-multicultural workforce
refers to the reduction and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour
GLOBALIZATION
refers to the changing age, gender, ethnicity, physical ability, and race of employees across all types and places of work
MULTICULTURAL WORKFORCE
7 multicultural workforce (elements/types/parts)
> social backgrounds
cultures
racial backgrounds
gender
age
regions
religion
4 need for managing
> staff retention - less recruitment costs
working together–more productivity
resolving conflicts
team management
give at least 4 do’s of intercultural communication
=avoid assumptions, jokes which are misunderstood
=use symbols, diagrams and pictures
=avoid using slang and idioms, choosing words that will convey only the most specific denotative meaning;
=investigate their culture’s perception
=take cultural and local differences into account
=say what you do and do what you say. make sure that your communication is line with the audience; use understandable language
give at least 4 dont’s of intercultural communication
=using the same approach world-wide
=considering traditional knowledge and practices as ‘backward’
=letting cultural differences become a source of conflict that hinder the process or work
=fail to ignore culturally-dependent enabling and counteracting forces
=fail to take language barriers into account
different dining etiquettes of different cultures
> seating
eating
home/restaurant
the food
conversation
body language
3 types of intercultural communication barriers
> emotional problems
attitudinal problems
translational problems
2 classification of emotional problems
- anxiety and uncertainty
- assuming similarity instead of difference
4 classification of attitudinal problems
- ethnocentrism
- stereotyping
- prejudice
- racism
5 classification of translation problems
- vocabulary equivalence
- idiomatic equivalence
- grammatical-syntactical equivalence
- experiential equivalence
- conceptual equivalence
3 classification of stereotyping
=definition
=dimensions
=categories
