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MIDTERMS LABORATORY Flashcards

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1
Q

Also called as ethyl alcohol

A

Ethanol

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2
Q

How do you know that the alcohol (alak) reach it’s toxicity in a person

A

If they have HANG OVER

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3
Q

USES of Ethanol

A
  1. Disinfectant
  2. Wine industry
    Carbohydrates
    Yeast
    Sweeteners
  3. Solvent (panunaw) and vehicle
    Example in drugs:
    Syrups
    Elixir
    Tinctures
  4. Substitute for Hg in thermometer
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4
Q

____ of ethanol has high ______, the ____ is __________.

A

95% & high concentration and 5% & contaminants

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5
Q

Explain Ethylene Hydration

A
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6
Q

Explain the MOT of Ethanol

A
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7
Q

Antidotes for Ethanol

A

Fomepizole and Disulfiram

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8
Q

MOA of fomepizole

A

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase= no acetaldehyde

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9
Q

MOA of Disulfiram

A

Inhibit the conversion the aldehyde dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What is the blood alcohol concentration?

A
  1. 50-99 mg/mL
    - Normal (sedation)
  2. 100-199 mg/mL
    - Pagewang gewang
  3. 200-299 mg/mL
    - Vomiting (hang over)
  4. 300-500 mg/mL
    - Death
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11
Q

Treatment for Ethanol

A
  1. Disulfiram
  2. Fomepizole
  3. Naltrexon- decrease cravings of alcohol) example; monosodium glutamate
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12
Q

What are the chemical/ identification test for Ethanol?

A
  1. Berthelots Test
  2. Chromic acid Test
  3. Hebenform Liebens Iodoform Test
  4. Ethylene acetate test
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13
Q

Chromic acid Test reagent and postive result

A

Reagent: Chromic acid (sulfuric acid + potassium dichromate)
Positive Result: Green Solution + Chico Odor

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13
Q

Berthelots Test reagent and positive result

A

Reagent: Benzyl Chloride + 10% NaOH (distilled water)
Positive Result: Aromatic odor

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13
Q

Hebenform Liebens Iodoform Test reagent and positive result

A

Reagent: Lugol’s solution + potassium hydroxide
Positive Result: Yellowish white precipitate

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14
Q

Ethylene acetate test reagent and positive result

A

Reagent: Concentration Sulfuric acid + Sodium Acetate crystal
Positive Result: Plastic balloon odor

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15
Q

Vitali Test reagent and positive result

A

Reagent: Carbon disulfide + potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid
Positive Result: Red solution

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16
Q
  • Use in alcohol lamp
A

Methanol (read the rest)

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17
Q

Toxic Dose of Methanol

A
  • Moderate- 100 mg/kg
  • Fatal dose- 120-150 mg/kg
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18
Q

Effect of methanol overdose

A
  • Blindness
  • Hypoxia
  • Metabolic acidosis ( Formic acid is the cause and formic acid is nature in acid)
  • Seizure
  • Coma
  • Death
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19
Q

Treatment for Methanol

A
  • Ethanol
    >Normal ethyl alcohol in body (use for energy)
    >MOA: If there is NO ETHANOL= NO ENERGY, not antidote on methanol
  • NaCO3
    >Use in metabolic acidosis
  • Fomepizole
    >inhibit dehydrogenase
  • Folic acid
    >It’s a vitamin B9 (for faster elimination)
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20
Q

Who has the high affinity than ethanol?

A

Methanol

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21
Q

What are the identification test use in Methanol?

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A
  1. Oxidation test
  2. Potassium permanganate test
  3. Potassium dichromate test
  4. Phoroglucinol test
  5. Phenylhydrazine test
22
Q

Oxidation Test reagent and positive result

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A

Reagent: Copper wire
Positive Result: Bluish green with odor

22
Phloroglucinol test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Phloroglucinol solution + potassium hydroxide Positive Result: Pink- red color
23
Potassium permanganate test reagent and positive result
Reagent: potassium permanganate + sulfuric acid Positive Result: Decolorization of solution
24
Potassium dichromate test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Potassium dichromate + sulfuric acid Positive Result: green solution color
25
Phenylhydrazine test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Phenylhydrazine + Sodium nitroprusside Positive Result: Violet color
26
IUPAC name of Acetone
propan-2-one
27
Alternative name for Acetone
dimethyl ketone
28
2 processes use for preparation of acetone
 Hock/cumene process  Wacker-hoechst process
29
Use of acetone in medicine or pharmaceutical industry
- It is use as solvents to fats, resins, rubber & cellulose (carbohydrates (READ THE REST USE OF ACETONE)
30
What are the identification test in Acetone?
* Legals test * Liebens-iodoform test * Reynold test
31
Legals Test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Sodium nitroprusside + NaOH (KOH) + acetic acid Positive Result: Red, orange and green color
32
Liebens-iodoform test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Lugol’s solution + potassium hydroxide Positive Result: Yellowish white precipitate
33
Reynold test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Mercuric Chloride + Potassium Hydroxide + ammonium hydrosulfide Positive Result: Black color
34
Also called as Formalin
Formaldehyde
35
What is the use of formaldehyde in industry?
- Formalin  preservative - To make plastic (parts for cars) - Formalin (antiseptic scalpel) It has fungi and antibacterial property - Use as disinfectant in vaccine (sterilize) - Preservatives for cosmetics to dead people
36
MOT of formaldehyde
- Act as protoplasmic poison --> cause coagulation necrosis
37
Signs/symptoms of formaldehyde
* Eye irritation, watery eyes * Burning servation * Tightness chest, cough wheezing pulmonary edema * Sever commission of esophagus * Lethargy & coma * Metabolic acidosis
38
Treatment for formaldehyde
* Folic acid - Increase excretion * NaHCO3 * Decontamination - Puts NaOH and formaldehyde for neutralization * Hemodialysis
39
Identification test for Formaldehyde
* Silver nitrate test * Neissier test * Fehling test * Hehners test * Hexamethylene tetramine * Resorcinol test * Reminis phenylhydrazine test
40
Silver nitrate test reagent and positive result
Reagent: ammoniacal silver nitrate (tolen’s reagent) Positive Result: silver mirror
41
Neissier test reagent and positive result
Reagent: neissier reagent Positive Result: gray precipitate
42
Fehling test reagent and positive result
Reagent: fehling a & b Positive Result: brick red precipitate
43
Hehners test reagent and positive result
Reagent: unboiled milk, hydrochloride acid + Ferric chloride Positive Result: purple ring concentration
44
Hexamethylene tetramine reagent and positive result
Reagent: ammonia Positive Result: white precipitate
45
Resorcinol test reagent and positive result
Reagent: resorcinol + NaOH Positive Result: Red color
46
Reminis phenylhydrazine test reagent and positive result
Reagent: sodium nitroprusside + NaOH Positive Result: Deep blue color
47
Other name for Chloroform
trichloromethane & trimethyl chloride
48
Chloromethane needs_____
UV LIGHT
49
Properties of Chloroform
* Colorless liquid in pure state * Characteristics pleasant smell * Boiling point of 62 degrees Celsius * Melting point of -6 degree Celsius * Density of 1.49 g/mL
50
Uses of Chloroform
* Solvents * Anesthetics
51
MOT of chloroform
* Phosgene - In the presence of life  nagkakaron ka ng phosgene - Toxic, cause carcinogenic, eye irritation, skin irritation. In CNS, cause fatigue & depression - If ingest  activated charcoal and gastric lavage
52
Identification test for Choloroform
* Schwartz’s Resorcinol Test
53
Schwartz’s Resorcinol Test reagent and positive result
Reagent: Resorcinol + NaOH Positive Reagent: Yellowish red precipitate

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