PRELIMS LECTURE (MNEMONICS)

Question 1

Branches of Toxicology (CATEGORIES)

Answer 1

1. Descriptive
2. Regulatory
3. Mechanistic

Question 2

Branches of Toxicology (PPT-7)

Answer 2

1.Clinical Toxicology
2.Forensic Toxicology
3. Industrial (Occupational) Toxicology
4. Biochemical/ Molecular Toxicology
5. Pharmacological Toxicology
6. Laboratory Toxicology
7. Nutritional Toxicology

Question 3

Branches of Toxicology (Table) PPPEEEMMGIBISC

Answer 3

Pharmacology
Public Health
Pathology
Engineering
Epidemiology
Ecology
Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics
Industrial Hygiene
Biochemistry
Immunology
Statistics
Chemistry

Question 4

What are the MAJOR TYPES of TOXIC SUBSTANCES (3)

Answer 4

1.Chemical
2.Physical
3. Biological

Question 5

Classification of TOXIC AGENTS (5)

Answer 5

Plant Toxins
Animal Toxins
Drug: Medicines/Poisons
Chemicals Toxins
Weapon/Radioactive elements

Question 6

TYPE of TOXIC AGENTS (9)

Answer 6

1. Hepatoxic
2. Nephrotoxic
3. Neurotoxic Agents
4. Gases and Vapors
5. Agents attacking Hematopoietic system
6. Aerosols
7. Pulmonary Irritants
8. Asphyxiants
9. Primary Anesthetics

Question 7

OTHER TOXIC AGENTS (4)

Answer 7

10. Mutagenic agents
11. Teratogenic Agents
12. Sensitization
13. Carcinogens

Question 8

What are the 6 EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS

Answer 8

1. Dermatoxic- skin
2. Hepatoxic- liver
3. Hemotoxic- blood
4. Nephrotoxic- kidney
5. Neurotoxic- neurons/CNS
6. Pulmonotoxic- LUNGS

Question 9

FACTORS that INFLUENCE TOXICITY (11)

Answer 9

1. Physicochemical composition of the toxicant
2. Dose and concentration.
3. Routes of administration
4. Metabolism of the toxic agent
5. State of health
6. Age and maturity
7. Nutritional state and dietary factors
8. Pharmacogenetics of idiosincrasy
9. Sex
10. Environmental
11. Chemical interactions

Question 10

TYPES OF TOXICITY (3)

Answer 10

> Acute
Subchronic
Chronic

Question 11

What are the TOXIC EFFECTS (4)

Answer 11

1. Local and Systemic
2. Acute and Chronic
3. Reversible and Irreversible
4. Allergic and Sensitization effect

Question 12

TYPES OF EFFECTS (3)

Answer 12

Adverse Effect/ Side effect
Deleterious Effect
Toxic Effect

Question 13

2 types of ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction)

Answer 13

Type A: Augmented
Type B: Bizzare

Question 14

What are the molecular mechanism of toxicology (6)

Answer 14

Allergy response
Receptor
Biochemical Pathway
Organ directed
Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis
Teratogenicity

Question 15

2 major classes of genes that is involved in CARCINOGENESIS

Answer 15

1. Proto-oncogens
2. Tumor-suppresor genes

Question 16

Factors Affecting toxicity (6)

Answer 16

Age
Sex
State of health
types of toxic substance
route of administration
duration of exposure

Question 18

Toxicity can result adverse changes such as; (8)

Answer 18

1. alteration of a cell membrane permeability
2. interference with co-enzymes
3. modification of carriers
4. formation of reactive metabolites
5. reactions causing depletion of GSH
6. action on nucleic acid
7. disruption of protein synthesis
8. lysosomal changes

Question 19

Meaning of DUMBELLS

Answer 19

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Lethargy
Salivation