MIDTERMS MODULE Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Spanish Era
A
(1521-1899)
2
Q
Early American Occupation
A
(1900-1920)
3
Q
Rise of Filipino Entomologists
A
(1922-1940)
4
Q
War Setback and Rebuilding
A
1941-1960
5
Q
Developments and Directions
A
1961-1979
6
Q
_____ arrival in the
Philippines and discovery of
leaf insects (Phasmida)
A
Pigaffeta’
1521
7
Q
___- Locust swarm in Panay island
A
1569
8
Q
_____ silk worm rearing introduced
by: Father Antonio Sedeno & A.M. Manuel
Galliana, however unsuccessful.
A
1593 & 1780
9
Q
_____Introduction of cochineal insects, but unsuccessful
A
1826 & 1861
10
Q
______English conchologist) -
published about Philippine insects specifically on
coconut leaf miner (Promecotheca cumingii Baly)
A
1831 - Hugh Cuming
11
Q
______an American, the first
government entomologist in the Philippines -
published on various aspects of entomology
(medical entomology and systematics
A
Charles S. Banks, 1902
12
Q
____Establishment of Entomology Section in the Bureau of
Agriculture, Plant Industry Division was first headed by C.R. Jones
followed by D.D. Mackie
A
1910
13
Q
______first established veterinary entomology in the Philippines;
discovered that surra disease caused by Tyrpanosoma evansi in carabao is
striated and transmitted by common housefly (Tabanus striatus).
A
1913 - Mitzmain
14
Q
“Father of Philippine Entomology”
A
1922 - Leopoldo B. Uichanco
15
Q
____reported about the biology of
banana weevil, which is a serious pest of
banana
A
1922 - Cendana
16
Q
The use of soap was found to be
effective in the control of migratory locust
especially the soft yellow laundry soap.
A
1923
17
Q
_____Aerial spraying by means of airplane was first
utilized to control migratory locust
A
1925
18
Q
____Paris green as larvicide for mosquitoes by Manalang
A
1927
19
Q
____was the first to be trained
on biological control of insects
A
1934 - Cendana
20
Q
_____considered as pioneer
insecticide toxicologist in the Philippines.
A
1941- Viado
21
Q
_____an organic insecticide was
introduced to control houseflies and migratory locusts.
A
1946 - DDT
22
Q
_____was the first postwar
entomology graduate as well as the first
Filipina Entomologist who earned her
degree as Summa cum laude.
A
Clare R. Baltazar
23
Q
Establishment of IRRI - maintains
IRRI an Entomology Department especially on
INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE the insect pest of rice. Such boosted the
entomology research in the Philippines
A
1960
24
Q
_____the first Filipino acarologist
spearheaded the study of mites in the Philippines.
A
1961 - L.C. Rimando,
25
_____- Pipine AsSociation of Entomologist, Inc. (PAE) was founded, the first entomological organization with _____as President
1962,July 22,
C.M. Cendana
26
_____ the first Filipino insect pathologist.
1964 - B.P. Gabriel,
27
_____ founded the National Crop Protection Center who also served as the first director
1976 - F.F. Sanchez
28
_____the study of insects and other relatives under Phylum Arthropoda e.g. spiders, mites and ticks
ENTOMOLOGY
29
I M P O RTA N C E O F I N S E C T MAN AND AGRICULTURE acc to beneficial effects
Flower pollinators
Natural Enemies
As food to man
As producers of commercial product
30
____component of insect cuticle which acts as coagulants or
hemostatic agent for tissue repair in humans
Chitin
31
IMPORTANCE O F I N S E C T T O MAN AND AGRICULTURE acc to Harmful Aspects
Insect as pest to crops
• Transmit disease
• Injurious and annoying
• Entomophobia
32
____ordering of organism into hierarchy and categories
Classification
33
_____study of insect nomenclature and classification
through comparison of their morphological characteristi
Taxonomy
34
Taxonomic Categories:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
35
(-ota)
(-ptera)
(-ota)
(-pteroidea)
(-ptera, -ura or -odea)
(-oidea)
(-idae)
(-inae)
(-ini)
Subclass
Infraclass
Division
Superorder
Order
Superfamily
Family
Subfamily
Tribe
36
___naming of organism
Nomenclature
37
______popularized by in 1753. In which
an organism is given a binomial
n a m e :
Scientific name
Carolus Linnaeus
38
arthro
Joints
39
Poda
Feet
40
Example of CLASS ARACHNIDA
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
41
> 2 body segments - cephalothorax and
abdomen
> 8 legs (4 pairs)
> 1 pair of chelicerae
> No antennae
CLASS ARACHNIDA
42
Example of CLASS CHILOPODA
centipedes
43
> Many body segments
> 1 pair of legs per body segment
> 1 pair of antennae
> 1st pair of legs modified into
venomous fangs
CLASS CHILOPODA
44
Ex of CLASS DIPLOPODA
(millipedes)
45
> Many body segments
> 2 pairs of legs per body
segment
> 1 pair of antenna
CLASS DIPLOPODA
46
ex of CLASS MALACOSTRACA
(crabs, shrimps, barnacles and
sowbugs)
47
> Several body segments - head
thorax and abdomen
> Segments maybe fused
> Varied number of legs
> 2 pairs of antenna
CLASS MALACOSTRACA
48
These are SIX-LEGGED ORGANISMS
SUPERCLASS HEXAPODA
49
-mouthparts retracted within the head
-mouthparts not retracted within the head
Entognathous hexapods
Ectognathous hexapods
50
_____wingless insects
_____ winged insects
______ Ancient winged ( can't fold the wings)
______ Modern winged ( can fold wings behind)
Subclass Apterygota
Subclass Pterygota
Infraclass Paleoptera
Infraclass Neoptera
51
Egg → nymph → adult
EXOPTERYGOTES
52
Egg → larva → pupa → butterfly
ENDOPTERYGOTES
53
• Three body regions (head,
thorax and abdomen)
• Three pairs of legs
•One - two pairs of wings
• The anterior end of the head H e a d
typically consist of mandibles,
a pair of maxillae, labrum and
labium
Insects
54
_____-non-cellular layer; line the insect's air tubes, salivary glands and parts of the digestive tract.
_____ -cellular layer of the body wall secretes molting fluid involved in the growth processes.
_____-separates body wall from internal organs
Cuticle
Epidermis
Basement membrane
55
____large pair of sensory organs that is covered with
minute facets or ommatidia (each of which represents the lens of
individual unit or ommatidium
Compound eyes
56
_____situated in between the middle of compound
eyes, there are as many as three of
n e m p r e s e n t (one o n the midline anc
n e o t h e r t w o a r e p l a c e d a b o v e a t
each side)
Simple eye or ocelli
57
____paired segmented appendages
situated usually between or below the
compound eyes.
Antenna
58
Parts of the Antenna
_____basal segment and generally larger than other segments
____ second segment
____ whiplike part beyond the pedicel (individual segment is called
flagellomere)
Scape
Pedicel
Flagellum
59
What are the types of antenna?
Aristate
Bipectinate
Capitate
Clavate
Filiform
Geniculate
Lamellate
Moniliform
Pectinate
Plumose
S e r r a t e
S e t a c e o u s
60
___The last segment enlarged and bears a conspicuous dorsal bristle called____
Example: houseflies
Aristate
61
Antenna that have two margins toothed like a comb
Example: Certain species of moth
Bipectinate
62
antenna that has enlarged
terminal segment
Example: sap bettles
Capitate
63
clubbed, segments gradually
increase in size at a distance
Example: lady bird beetles
Clavate
64
threadlike segment that are
usually uniform in sizes
Examples: cockroach,
grasshoppers, crickets
Filiform
65
elbowed with the first segment
long and the succeeding
segments small and suddenly
going of at an angle
Examples: ants, bees, chalcid, wasps
Geniculate
66
leaflike, terminal segments are
expanded forming rounded
lobes.
Examples: june beetle
Lamellate
67
beadlike, segments nearly
similar in size and spherical in
shape.
Example: termites
Moniliform
68
comblike, segments have lon
slender lateral extensions
Example: male click beetle
Pectinate
69
feathery, most segments have
whorls of long hairs
Example: Mosquitoe
Plumose
70
saw-like, ½ or 2/3 of the far
end of the antenna is more or
less triangular in shape.
Example: Female click beetles
S e r r a t e
71
the last segment bears an elongated terminal style or fingerlike extensions known as the 'style'.
Examples: dragonfly
Setaceous
72
The Mandibulate mouthparts:
Labrum
Mandible
Maxillae
Hypopharanx
Labium
73
_____or "upper lip" is a movable flaplike broad-flat surface covering the top of the mouth
______- "upper jaws" tooth-like structure for chewing, grinding, tearing or pinching-off solid food
______"lower jaws" - behind the mandibles.
______- central tongue; bears the opening of the salivary ducts.
______ - "lower lip" structure found posterior to the maxillae
Labrum
Mandible
Maxillae
Hypopharanx
Labium
74
presence of a pair of heavily sclerotized mandibles which
are used in grinding and cutting of solid food.
Example: caterpillars, grasshopper
Chewing/mandibulate type
75
the mandibles and labrum is adapted for chewing and
utilized for grasping prey. Also functions in wax molding for
nest materials.
Examples: Honeybee
Chewing-lapping type
76
mandibles are made into sharp blades and the maxillae into long probing style.
Example: horsefly
Cutting-sponging type
77
mouthparts are modified into a tubular organ which
penetrate into tissues of plants and take in juices from
them.
Example: aphids,
mosquitoes, leafhopper
Piercing-sucking type
78
equipped with a cone-shaped
beak which originates from
clypeus, labrum, parts of the
maxillae and labium.
Example: thrips
Rasping-sucking type
79
the galeae has been fused
forming a coiled tube called the
'proboscis' that is used for
sucking nectar from flowers.
Example: adult moths and
butterflies
Siphoning type
80
the mandibles and maxillae d o
not function in the eating
process, the remaining parts
form a proboscis that has a
sponge-like end called the
labella.
Example: house flies
Sponging type
81
Types of mouthparts
Chewing/mandibulate type
Chewing-lapping type
Cutting-sponging type
Piercing-sucking type
Rasping-sucking type
Siphoning type
Sponging type
82
The middle body region of insects wherein the locomotory
appendages; the wings and the legs are borne.
Thorax
83
What are the 3 segments of the thorax?
prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax.
83
Articulated appendages borne on each thoracic segments:
Has 5 segments namely:
Legs
1. Coxa
2. Trochanter
3. Femur
4. Tibia
5. Tarsus
84
____walking legs as in leaf and stick insects.
____ running legs as in cockroaches
____ forelegs adapted for digging as in mole crickets
____ legs of aquatic insects for swimming.
____ grasping forelegs for catching prey found in mantise
____ enlarged hind legs used for hopping mostly found in grasshoppers
Ambulatorial legs
Cursorial legs
Fossorial legs
N a t a t o r i a l
Raptorial
Saltatorial
85
____hard and thickened forewings which protects the soft abdomen. Common to coleopterous insects
_____slender fore and hind wings that has hair-like projection Common to thrips
_____reduced hind wings that are knob-like in appearance which are used in balancing rather than flight. Common to dipterous ins.
_____tiny hooks which unites the forewings and hindwings. Common to hymenopterou: insects
_____ the basal portion of the forewing is leathery and the apical part is membranous. Common to hemipterous insect
Elytra
Fringed
Halteres
Hamuli
Hemelytra
86
_____wings that are soft, transparent and flexible with apparent wing veins. Common to termites, lacewings, and etc.
_____ the front and hind wing that are coated with setae (scales).
Common to lepidopterous insects
_____ forewings that are wholly leathery which protects the delicate
membranous hindwings. Common to orders orthoptera,
blattodea and mantodea
M e m b r a n o u s
Scaly wings
Tegmina
87
Third functional region that houses visceral organs mainly for
reproduction, digestion, blood circulation and respiration.
Abdomen
88
Abdomen can have ____ segments depending on the species
8-11 segments
89
_____ Reproductive structure seen at the 9th abdominal segment (has tube like aedagus)
____ Reproductive structure seen at the 8th and 9th abdominal segments
Male
Female
90
1._____serve as breathing organs of aquatic insects especially the
young (nymph) of dragonflies.
2.____ locomotory abdominal appendages usually found on the
larval stages of some insects
3.____slender, forcep-like pointed structures found on the eleventh
segment of the abdomen
4.____ a paired secretory structures located dorsally on the abdomen
of aphids
5._____ a fleshy, peg-like structure in Collembola located on the
ventral portion of the first abdominal segment.
6._____found in most aculeate female hymenoptera which is modified from oviposito
Abdominal gills
Abdominal prolegs
Cerci
Cornicles
Collophore
Sting
91
Stages refer to the _____ state of insect in between two molts
morphological
92
Stages of insect are ?
1. Egg
2. Young/immature
3. Intervening stage (pupa)
4. Adult/Imago
93
The process of change in size, shape, and form. It
varies depending on the order to which the insect
belongs
Metamorphosis
94
No metamorphosis . Egg → young adult
The most primitive development pattern in insects
Ametabolous
95
Incomplete metamorphosis. Egg → naiad → adult
Hemimetabolous
96
• The young or naiad lives on
aquatic environment.
• Naiads and adults are
predatory.
Hemimetabolous
97
Gradual Metamorphosis (egg-nymph-adult)
Paurometabolous
98
Also called simple/direct metamorphosis in which
he immature (nymph) resembles the parent
except their size, wings and genital development.
Paurometabolous
99
Complete metamorphosis (egg - larva - pupa - adult)
Holometabolous
100
>Differ in many aspects such as size, shape and overall
appearance,
>Larval stage - feeding stage
>Pupal stage is quiescent.
>Adults may or may not feed
Holometabolous
101
the process of shedding off
of skin periodically to accommodate the growth
and development. Most insects molt at least
three to four times
Ecdysis/Molting,
102
_____the old skin (cuticle) left after undergoing molting.
_____is the total period in between two molts.
_____is the appearance of insect after molting.
Exuviae
Stadium
Instar
103
S TA G E S O F I N S E C T GROWTH AND D E V E L O P M E N T
Eggs → larva → nymph/ naiad →pupa → adult or imago
104
Yolk - provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
Vitelline membrane - sheath which covers the yolk.
v Chorion - or shell which houses and provides protection
to the egg.
Micropyle - has one or more tiny openings through
which the sperm enters to tertilize the egg.
Operculum - a lid or cap where the young emerge
Egg
105
• The young that emerged after hatching from egg.
•Usually, the longest period in the insect development that is
characterized as the feeding stage.
•The most damaging stage
Larva
106
____the active developing stage of Paurometabolous i n s e c t
____ the active developing stage, usually aquatic young of ins.
Nymph
Naiad
107
____the resting (inactive/quiescent) or
reorganization stage of holometabolous insects.
Pupa
108
the final instar/stage in the development of insect in which all of the external characteristics are well defined
Adult or Imago
109
____both males and females are involved. Eggs are fertilized by male sperm. Most insects reproduced this way.
Bisexual reproduction
110
_____only females are required to reproduce the young. The eggs are developed without fertilization. Common to aphids in
tropical countries and hymenopterans.
Parthenogenesis
111
___a special type of reproduction wherein
larva of some Hymenopterans is capable of producing young
Paedogenesis
112
• "Coll" = glue
• "embola" =wedge
• Collophore - absorbs
moisture in the environment
• Tiny (below 6mm),
• wingless
• Furcula - jumping organ
• Ametabola
Order (class) collembola
113
• "diplo" - two
• "ura" - tail
• Tail like cerci at the tip of the
abdomen
• Predatory
• Eversible vesicles in the
abdomen (H20 balance)
• Able to regenerate lost body parts
• Ametabol
ORDER (CLASS) DIPLURA
114
"proto" = first
•"ura" = tail
• No cerci, antenna and
compound eyes
•Minute, usually found
in damp habitats
•Ametabola
ORDER PROTURA
115
•"thysano" = fringe
•"ura" = tails
Long, fringed filament on
the abdomen
• Long-lived insects 3-6
years (60 instars)
•Ametabola
ORDER THYSANURA - Silverfish
116
any living organisms which negatively affect
human beings in many aspects:
Pest
117
____pest introduced in a particular area where it is
currently unknown
____ pest common in a certain place where it
originates
Exotic pest
Endemic pest
118
_____present in the field every season with high population density, usually has no biocon agent (exotic), can cause economic damage
Key or major pest
119
_____pest species always found in the field at low population density, their number are regulated by biocon agent,
does not cause economic damage
Potential or minor pest
120
_____are pest which can be found sparingly or sporadically in an area and more often than not, does not cause economic
damage.
Occasional pest
121
_____feeds on living plants.
_____ feeds or lives (as parasites) on living animals
Phytophagous insects (herbivores)
Zoophagous
122
__action threshold which indicates that the pest
population density calls for appropriate
control management practices to avoid
reaching the ElL.
Economic Threshold Level (ETL)
123
___ can be defined as the lowest number of insect pest
that can cause economic damage
Economic Injury Level (EIL)
124
_____Occurs when the value of damage outweighs the cost of controlling the pest.
Economic damage
