MODUELE 4

Question 1

“Any disturbance brought about a pathogen or an environmental factor which interferes with manufacture, translocation or utilization of food, mineral nutrients and water in such a way that the infected plant changes in appearance and yields less than a normal healthy plant of the same variety.”

Answer 1

Plant Disease

Question 2

A dynamic interaction between an organisms and its environment which
results in abnormal physiology an often morphological or neurological
changes in the organisms

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

The present of physiological disorders that are generally detrimental; and b) Morphological abnormalities result from the physiological malfunctioning

Answer 3

Diseases

Question 4

What are the Disease traingle

Answer 4

Environment, Pathogen and Host Plant

Question 5

is any agent that causes a disease is generally referred to as
living organisms such as fungus or bacterium that causes disease.

Answer 5

Pathogen

Question 6

an organism which depend wholly or partly on other living
organisms for its food. A parasite may be obligate or facultative.

Answer 6

Parasite

Question 7

__ is an organisms that is restricted to subsist on
living organisms and attacks only living tissues.

Answer 7

Obligate parasite

Question 8

___ is organisms, which has the faculty or ability
to be a parasite although it is ordinarily a saprophyte.

Answer 8

Facultative parasite

Question 9

is organism that lives on dead or inorganic matter. A
facultative parasite has the ability to become a saprophyte but is ordinarily a parasite.

Answer 9

Saprophyte

Question 10

refers to a plant that is attacked by a parasite.

Answer 10

Host

Question 11

__those environmental factors that are able to cause plant
diseases.

Answer 11

Physiopathogen

Question 12

the capacity of the pathogen to cause disease

Answer 12

Pathogenicity

Question 13

__ is the chain of interrelated events of disease development.

Answer 13

Pathogenesis

Question 14

a plant that is susceptible to a disease whether or not the
pathogen is parasitic

Answer 14

Suscept

Question 15

refers to the quantitative amount of disease that can isolate of a given pathogen can cause in a given group of plants in terms of size of lesions or number of lesions

Answer 15

Virulence

Question 16

measures the rate at which virulence is expressed by a
given pathogenic isolate

Answer 16

Aggressiveness

Question 17

___ inherent ability of an organism to overcome in any
degree the effects of a pathogen

Answer 17

Disease resistance

Question 18

___nthe inability to overcome the effects of a pathogen

Answer 18

Susceptibility

Question 19

ability of plant to withstand the severe effects of the pathogen without experiencing a severe reduction in yield

Answer 19

Tolerance

Question 20

symptoms not expressed due to unfavorable
conditio

Answer 20

Masked symptoms

Question 21

a host that do not show symptom irrespective of
environment

Answer 21

Symptomless carrier

Question 22

___are the expressions by the suscept or host of a pathologic condition by which a particular plant disease may be distinguished from other disease.

Answer 22

Symptoms

Question 23

____ usually change as the disease progresses since disease is often a dynamic process. ___ may vary according to environment, the host variety, and the race of the pathogen.

Answer 23

Symptoms

Question 24

Different type of Syptoms

Answer 24

Primary Syptoms, Secondary syptoms, localized ,systematic, histological and morphological syptoms

Question 25

___are resultsm of the causal agent's activities on the invaded tissues

Answer 25

Primary symptoms

Question 26

___ the effects on the distant and uninvaded plant parts.

Answer 26

secondary symptoms

Question 27

___ are characterized by distinct and very limited structural changes usually in the form of the lesions.

Answer 27

Localized symptoms

Question 28

___ on the other hand are more generalized pathological condition such as mottle, mosaic and wilting.

Answer 28

Systemic symptoms

Question 29

___ is essentially internal, and seen only upon the dissection of the diseased plant portion and examination under the microscope. It is expressed as an abnormally in cell content, structure or arrangement.

Answer 29

histological symptom

Question 30

____ are those malformations and other changes that visible to the naked eye.

Answer 30

Morphological syptoms

Question 31

___ involved the death or protoplast, cells or tissues. Examples are spot, blight, scorch, canker and die-back.

Answer 31

Necrotic symptoms

Question 32

___ symptoms appear when there is an inhibition or failure in the differentiation or development of some aspect of plant growth. Examples: are stunning, mottle, mosaic, resetting and curling.

Answer 32

Hypoplastic symptoms

Question 33

symptoms are expressed with the occurrence of excessive multiplication, enlargement or overdevelopment may result from an increase in the size of the cells (hypertrophy) or an abnormal increase in the number of cells of hyperplasia.

Answer 33

Hyperplastic symptoms

Question 34

___ yellowing of normally green tissues caused by inadequate light

Answer 34

Etiolation

Question 35

___ yellowing caused by some factor other than light, such as virus or mycoplasma.

Answer 35

Chlorosis

Question 36

___ the presence usually on leaves of variegation pattern

Answer 36

Mosaic

Question 37

__an, extensive, usually sudden, death of most tissue, such as leaf

Answer 37

Blight

Question 38

___ a perforated appearance of a leaf as the dead areas of local lesion drop out

Answer 38

Shot hole

Question 39

___ an often sunken necrotic area with cracked border that may appear in leaves, fruits, stems and branches

Answer 39

Canker

Question 40

__ is leaf puckering as a result of different growth rates in adjoining tissue

Answer 40

Savoying

Question 41

___ an affected fruit is converted to a hard, dry, shriveled mummy.

Answer 41

Mummification

Question 42

___ is when a plant is reduced in size and vigor as a result of unfavorable environmental conditions or a wide range of pathogens or abiotic agents.

Answer 42

Stunting

Question 43

___ the host's juices exude or leak out from soft-rotted portions.

Answer 43

Leak

Question 44

__a drying backward from the tip of twigs or branches

Answer 44

Die-back

Question 45

___ definite depressions or pits are found on the surface of fruits, tubers and other fleshy organs resulting in a pocked appearance.

Answer 45

Pitting

Question 46

___ premature falling of leaves, fruits or flower due to the early laying the down of the abscission layer.

Answer 46

Abscission

Question 47

___ metamorphosis of sepals, petals, stamens or carpels into leaf- like structure

Answer 47

Phyllody

Answer 48

Phyllody

Question 49

__ abnormal bending or curling of leaves caused by overgrowth of one side of the leaf or localized growth in certain portions

Answer 49

Curling

Question 50

__ slightly raised, rough, ulcer like lesion due to the overgrowth of epidermal and cortical tissues accompanied with rapturing and suberization of cell walls.

Answer 50

Scab

Question 51

___ rotting of seedlings prior to emergence or rotting of seedling stems at a area just above the soil

Answer 51

Damping off

Question 52

___ abnormal swelling of the bark above wounds due to the accumulation of elaborated food materials

Answer 52

Scarcody

Question 53

__an overgrowth of tissue formed in response to injury in an effort of the plant to heal the wound.

Answer 53

Callus

Question 54

___ clustering of roots, flowers, fruits, or twigs around a common focus

Answer 54

Fasciation

Question 55

___ term applied to the sudden death of young buds, inflorescence or young fruits.

Answer 55

Blast

Question 56

___ a superficial brownish roughening of the skin or fruits, tubers or other fleshy organs usually due to the suberization of epidermal or sub- epidermal tissues following injury to epidermis.

Answer 56

Russeting

Question 57

___ is the identification of specific plant disease through their characteristic symptoms and signs including other factors that may relate to the disease process.

Answer 57

Plant Disease Diagnosis