MIDTERMS - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cells in Nervous tissue?

Answer 1

Neurons
Glial Cells

Question 2

They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides.

Primary cell in the nervous system

Electrically active and release chemical signals

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

What cells are known to play a supporting role in nervous tissue?

Answer 3

Glial Cells

Question 4

Glial cells are also known as?

Answer 4

“Glia”

Question 5

What body system has a stimulus-response mechanism made up of a well-coordinated interconnecting/ intercommunicating network of cells and fibers linking all and every part of the body to coordinate all body activities in response to external and internal stimuli

Answer 5

Nervous System

Question 6

What is the 2 integrating coordinating systems of the body?

Answer 6

Nervous system
Endocrine system

Question 7

What are the 3 divisions of nervous system?

Answer 7

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 8

What are the 2 organs in the CNS?

Answer 8

Brain & Spinal Chord

Question 8

The brain consists of ?

Answer 8

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 9

Brainstem includes?

Answer 9

Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 10

PNS includes how many pairs of:

a.) Cranial Nerves
b.) Spinal Nerves

Answer 10

a. 12 pairs
b. 31 pairs

Question 11

ANS is also known as?

Answer 11

Vegetative/Involuntary/Visceral Nervous System

Question 12

What are the 2 divisions of ANS?

Answer 12

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 13

Nervous tissue is made up of?

Answer 13

Cells and Fibers

Question 14

What do you call the selective restriction of blood-borne substances between blood vessels and nervous tissue?

Answer 14

Blood-brain Barrier

Question 15

What is the structural and functional units of the NS?

Answer 15

Neurons

Question 15

How many neurons are there in a human body?

Answer 15

10^10 - 10^11 PARTS

Question 16

Soma + Cytoplasm=?

Answer 16

Perikaryon

Question 17

What polyribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating high metabolic activity?

Answer 17

Nissl Bodies

Question 18

What are the 2 neuronal protoplasmic processes?

Answer 18

Axons
Dendrites

Question 19

What do you call the branches of axons?

Answer 19

Axon Collaterals

Question 20

What conducts between neurons appearing as end feet/ terminal buttons?

Answer 20

Synapses

Question 21

What Impinges on the effector organ?

Answer 21

Axon Terminal

Question 22

What do you call the cell membrane of axon?

Answer 22

Axolemma

Question 23

What do you call the cytoplasm of axon?

Answer 23

Axoplasm

Question 24

Based on function What classification of neuron conducts impulses TOWARDS CNS?

Answer 24

Afferent/Sensory neurons

Question 25

Based on function. What classification of neuron conduct impulses AWAY from the CNS to the effector organ?

Answer 25

Efferent/Motor neurons

Question 26

Based on function* What classification of neuron is located between sensory and motor neurons?

Answer 26

Internuncial/Interneurons/Central/Intercalated neurons

Question 27

Based on size a. Dwarf Neurons b. Giant Neurons

Answer 27

a. <4 microns in diameter b. Betz cells in motor cortex

Question 28

Based on the number of neuronal processes* Identify: Only one process; usually the axon; no dendrites Give 2 examples.

Answer 28

Unipolar/ Pseudounipolar example: a. Amacrine cells of retina b. Ganglion cells

Question 29

Based on the number of neuronal processes* Identify: 1 axon, 1 dendrite Give 2 examples.

Answer 29

Bipolar example: a. Neurons of the special senses b. In retinal, gustatory, vestibulocochlear, olfactory epithelium

Question 30

Based on the number of neuronal processes* Identify: Numerous dendrites; one axon Give 2 examples.

Answer 30

Multipolar example: a. Motor neurons of the spinal cord b. Internuncial neurons c. Most of the cells in NS are multipolar

Question 31

Based on Axon Length: Identify: Long axons Originate in the CNS and terminates distant from its origin to the periphery Give 1 example.

Answer 31

Golgi type l example: Cranial Nerves

Question 32

Based on Axon Length: Identify: Short axons Terminates within the same vicinity Give 1 example.

Answer 32

Golgi type ll example: Purkinje cells of cerebellum

Question 33

Based on location: Identify: clusters of neurons in the CNS give one example.

Answer 33

Nuclei example: red nucleus

Question 34

Based on location: Identify: clusters of neurons in the PNS give one example.

Answer 34

Ganglia example: Meissner plexus

Question 35

What do you call the supporting cells identified as slender cells that synthesize myelin in the PNS?

Answer 35

Schwann Cells

Question 36

Schwann cells forms a sheathe called the?

Answer 36

Sheath of Schwann

Question 37

Oblique discontinuities in the Schwann sheath are called?

Answer 37

“Schmidt-Lanterman clefts”

Question 38

What do you call the supporting cells that synthesizes CSF?

Answer 38

Ependymal Cells

Question 39

What cells in the 3rd ventricle interdigitates with the ependymal cells?

Answer 39

Tanycytes

Question 40

What are the 2 classifications of the supporting cells called neuroglial cells?

Answer 40

1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes

Question 41

What is the Largest neuroglial cell?

Answer 41

Astrocytes

Question 42

What are the 3 types of astrocytes?

Answer 42

1. Protoplasmic 2. Fibrous 3. Specialized astrocytes

Question 43

What type of astrocyte forms BBB in the gray matter?

Answer 43

Protoplasmic

Question 44

What type of astrocyte forms BBB in the white matter?

Answer 44

Fibrous

Question 45

What neuroglial cell synthesizes myelin in the CNS?

Answer 45

Oligodendrocytes

Question 46

Fill in the blanks Myelin in CNS is rich in a.)_________________ while Myelin in PNS is rich in b.)_______________________.

Answer 46

a.) Glycolipids b.) Phospholipids

Question 47

What are the 2 classifications of Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 47

1. Interfascicular 2. Satellite

Question 48

What are the 5 layers of the brain? *wrong

Answer 48

1. Molecular Layer 2. External Granular Layer 3. External Pyramidal Layer 4. Internal Granular Layer 5. Internal Pyramidal Layer