migration Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is migration
the movement of a person or people from one place to another e.g poland to England
what is immigration
in migration of people into a country involving a permanent change of residence
what is emigration
out-migration of people from a country involving a permanent change of residence
what is net migration
the difference between the total amount of immigration and emigration of people from an area.
what is an economic migrant
a person who moves from another country, region or place involving a permanent or semi permanent change of residence, to improve their standard of living or job opportunities. e.g a migrant who moves to Wisbech.
what are migrant remittances
money that is transferred from one country to another sent home by migrants to their family, friends and community. refugees in Ivory Coast sending remittances to their Families in Burkina Faso.
what is a refugee
a person or group of people who have moved outside their country of origin or usual domicile because of a genuine fear of persecution or death.
e.g syria to turkey
what is an asylum seeker
a person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee
what are migration patterns
a pattern that a migrant takes when travelling from one place to another.
Africa to Europe .
what is the lee migration model
model suggesting the push and pull factors of migration
why has the number of female migrants increased
russo-ukraine war
90% of migrants female
Poland hosts 1.6 mil migrants
also females seeking better job opportunities, brain drain
LIDC’s
what is diaspora
the dispersion of people from their country of origin. e.g Ukraine
what is the brain gain
when young highly skilled migrants move from an LIDC to an AC, the country of residence gaining the skilled migrants. west Afric to Spain
examples of intervening obstacles
Mediterranean sea- preventing migrants from Libya to Italy. 3279 people died at sea in 2014. 100km
example of a migration route
Libyan parts to Europe, Italy
largest no. of arrivals were from Tunisia 594 people 2019,
also west Africa to Spain
explain one south to south migration pattern
Burkina Faso-Ivory Coast
Due to higher level of development-more opportunities
90% justify for paid work to help their family
also same language.
migration from example of intra regional migration
Poland- England
positives- filled the gaps in the uk labour market and by more than 40%
-work permit employees- migrants are prepared to work hard
-new clusters of polish businesses have opened and rejuvenated declining neighborhood shopping streets
-contributed several billions of pounds to the British
-many of the workers are doing useful jobs that cannot otherwise be filled by the wages offered
-remittances more than $1.2 billion
example of a relationship with migration- Bilateral relationship
Loas - Thailand- daily minimum wage is + 220 baht in ThailandLow levels of education in Laos means that many are suited for only unskilled jobs.Made easily by familiarity with Thai culture and language
Improved access across Mekong us of ‘broker’ to reach Thai border and access employment in Thailand.Remittances are important to the citizens of Laos with 22% families living below the poverty line
example of a south-south migration
Myanmar- Thailand-attracted for economic opportunities
- there is a geographical proximity of the two countries and the freer flows of labour possible within the newly formed ASEAN Economic community.
- to escape forced labour in government development projects such as railway construction as part of Myanmar’s economic reforms
-discrimination against Muslims, cultural difference and racism
reasons for moving to ThailandA legal minimum wage of $9, ten times that of Myanmar.
-cheap accommodation
-its an EDC
- Thailand need to resolve labour shortages in agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing, construction and domestic services.
pro emigration policies
pro- Pakistan- 2017, migrant remittances amounted to $20 billion which is important to the socio-economic development of the country.positive steps to encourage female participation in overseas employment (currently only 0.12 per cent)
pro immigration policies
Canada New policy is aimed at the country’s long-term requirements for engineers, IT specialists and health care workers. Potential migrants are ranked on a 1200-point system which enables young, highly skilled immigrants to be fast-tracked.10,000 Syrian refugees over a three-year period from 2015
what is intra regional migration
migration within a region of the world- ukraine to Europe.
sample of inter regional migration
Libya to Europe
example of interdependence between countries between EDC
migration policies
Brazil
-net migration loss of half a million
in each of 4 year periods.
-increasing migration between neighbouring countries
-a slowing down of emigration of lower skilled migrants too US
increasing emigration of high skilled workers to USA and Europe brain drain
Was large immigration of low skilled migrants for labour in coffee cultivation
relationship with Portugal:
bilateral relationship
Portugal gives special status to Brazil migrants, shared language, ancestry and family ties. Diaspora networks.
USA
thousands of low skilled migrants working in USA, return as skilled migrants, high service sectorUSA gives support in environmental projects
Haiti:easy for Haitians to get visa reducing trafficking.
Earthquake in 2010 displaced 1.5 million people immigrant number grew by 10000 in 3 years, take up low skilled jobs agriculture and factories.
led to growth in primary and secondary sector.
-innvation and rescued labour market gaps from recent high skilled professionals
-0migrant remittances from USA, Japan and Portugal- housing improvements and education
- led to more stable political position due to bilateral relationships
-led to inequalities in Brazil society due to influx of low skilled and poor migrants
-poverty concentrated in rural areas
-discrimination
