Migration: Key terms/ideas Flashcards
(33 cards)
Core-periphery system
The uneven spatial distribution of population/wealth between 2 or more regions of a country
Backwash
Flows of people, investment and resources directed from peripheral (poor) to core (rich) regions
- This further compounds pre-existing inequalities and multiplies the effects
Diaspora
A dispersed group of people with a shared cultural background who have spread internationally from their homeland
Schengen Agreement
Agreement between all 26 EU (and some non-EU) countries that allows freedom of movement (don’t have to show passports at borders)
Trickle-down
The positive impacts on peripheral (poor) areas of investment in core (rich) areas
Assimiliation
The eventual adoption of the cultural traits belonging to a host/majority community by a migrant/minority community
Sovereignty
The ability of a place and its people to self-govern without external interference
Homogenous culture
A culture with very little diversity and many shared traits (e.g language, religion)
Nationalism
Belief that the interest of ones nation are much more important than those of other nations
Neo-colonialism
When developed countries indreictly exercise a degree of control over the development of developing nations
- e.g ‘strings attached’ loans, military support etc.
Cultural heterogeneity
A society with high levels of cultural diversity
Corporate migration
When a TNC relocates its headquarters to a different country
Transfer pricing
When one division of a TNC (based in one country) charges a division of the same firm (in another country) for the supply of a good/service
- Corporation tax dodge method
Parent company
A huge TNC with a network of subsidiary firms, of which it retains full decision-making control over
- e.g Google Ireland Ltd.
Tax Haven
A territory with no/low rates of corporation tax
Expatriate
Someone who has migrated to another country, but remains a citizen of their native state
Global governance
The rules, regulations and codes used to manage human activity at an International Level
- However, very hard to enforce at this scale
Unilateral intervention
Military intervention undertaken by a state outside the umbrella of the UN
Failed state
A country whose government has lost political control and cannot complete essential state maintenance
War on terror
The campaign launched by the USA and it’s allies to counter international terrorism post 9/11
Hegemonic Power
Ability of a powerful state/playuer to influence outcomes without having to revert to ‘hard power’
MINT
4 fast growing economies: Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey
Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs)
Programmes which provide lending to Heavily Indebted countries BUT with strict conditions and concessions attached
HIPC policies
Aim to ensure that poor countries don’t pile up unsustainable and unmanageable debt
- launched by IMF and World Bank in 1996
