Superpowers: Key terms/ideas Flashcards
(22 cards)
Superpower
Nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world
Hyperpower
An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power (e.g Imperial Britain)
Blue Water Navy
One which can deploy into the open ocean anywhere in the world (e.g Russia)
Green Water Navy
One which deploys into local waters and patrols local coastlines
Diplomacy
The negotiation and decision making that takes places between nations
Ideology
A set of beliefs, values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society
Geo-strategic policies
Policies that attempt to meet the global and regional aims of a country - combining diplomacy with the movement/positioning of military assets
Acculturation
Process of cultural change that occurs when 2 different cultures meet and interact
Sphere of influence
The geographical area over which a powerful country can assert its authority
Economic (development) Dependency
When the development of a developing country is influenced by the economic, cultural and political forces controlled by developed countries
Free Trade
Exchange of goods/services free of taxes, tariffs and quotas (protectionism)
Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs)
Regional/global organisations whose members are nation states (e.g UN)
- often dictate international frameworks and law and resolve conflict
Sanctions
Measures taken against a nation as an attempt to force them into negotiation without using military force
Middle Class
The section of global society who have disposable income and can afford luxury goods (e.g a car, holidays etc.)
- hard to define quantitatively due to varied currency values/levels of development
Nutrition Transition
Change in diet from traditional local produce towards processed food
Staple Foods
Carbohydrates which are supplied at affordable prices to maintain regional food security (e.g Rice in Asia)
Rare earth minerals
Group of metal elements crucially used in modern communication systems and technology
- limited supply (expensive) and hard to mine
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Area of ocean extending 200 nautical miles beyond the edge of a continental shelf where a nation legally controls all of the resources
2011 Arab Spring
Series of pro-democracy/pro-human rights civil uprisings in the Middle East - created governmental instability and even cases of overthrowal
Economic restructuring
The shift from primary/secondary industry toward tertiary/quarternary service sectors following de-industrialisation
- often has significant social costs for dependent regions
Islamic State
Jihadist terrorist organisation who emerged during the 2013 Syrian Civil War and carry out terrorist attacks worldwide
