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HS 3025 > Mind Body Intervention > Flashcards

Mind Body Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

Mind-body interventions

A

focus on a communication system between the mind and body, in an attempt to affect the mind’s ability to improve health status

	○ mental, emotional, spiritual, social, sexual, and physical domains
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2
Q

T or F: Eastern AND Western medical practitioners have come to the realization that this communication system is powerful and promotes self-healing

A

T

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3
Q

Healing does not always mean the cessation of physical symptoms, but it indicates the power to ______

A

“make whole”

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4
Q

Many mind-body practices originate out of ______ or ______ medicine

A

Chinese or Ayurvedic

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5
Q

Placebo theory

A

may cause a placebo effect that tends to modify cognitive and body responses in a positive way by changing physiology

positive responses are thought to boost the body’s immune system

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6
Q

Pelletier’s 6 Basic Principles of Mind-Body Interventions

A
  1. The mind, body, and spirit are connected with one another and environmental influences
  2. Stress and depression contribute to the development of and hinder recovery from chronic diseases because they create measurable hormonal imbalances
  3. Psychoneuroimmunology explains how mental functioning provokes physical and biochemical changes that weaken immunity
  4. Overall health improves when people are optimistic and have a positive outlook on life
  5. The Placebo Effect confirms the importance of mind–body medicine and is a valuable intervention
  6. Social support from family, friends, coworkers, classmates, or organized self-help groups boosts the effectiveness of traditional and CAM therapies
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7
Q

Meditation

A

state in which the body is consciously relaxed, the mind is allowed to become calm and focused, and deep feelings of well-being are experienced

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8
Q

T or F: meditation is not a collection of techniques but is a way of being, a way of seeing and even a way of loving

A

T

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9
Q

Meditation Facilitates Growth in 3 Main Areas

A
  1. Getting to know the mind
    - So that a person can carefully study his/her feelings, thoughts, emotions, various mental states
  2. Training the mind
    - Developing awareness, concentration, serenity; all necessary for well-being
  3. Freeing the mind
    - Not easy, yet necessary to diminish negative tendencies that decrease a sense of inner peace and harmony
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10
Q

Forms of Meditation

A
  • Vipassana
  • Transcendental
  • Zen
  • Taoist
  • Buddhist
  • Mindfulness
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11
Q

Vipassana Meditation

A

“Insight meditation”
- Buddha believed cause of suffering could be erased if people could see their true nature

Uses mindfulness - being present in moment
- observe our own body and our mind in a nonjudgmental and unbiased way

Watchful of breath as it comes and goes
- don’t control breathe, let it be

“easiest” meditation technique

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12
Q

Transcendental Meditation

A

Founded by guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

Transcendental consciousness of our most inner self
- helps people to see or transcend beyond their thoughts and to experience the source of their thoughts

State of ‘restful alertness’

Does not require person to concentrate or contemplate

May be used by everyone (even those w hectic lives)

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13
Q

Zen Meditation

A

AKA Zazen Meditation = “study of self”

Gradually goes to absolute stillness and emptiness

Mind, body, and breath come together as one

Position used is the pyramid structure

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14
Q

Taoist Meditation

A

Fundamental principle is to generate and circulate internal energy → “dehchee”

1st Primary Guideline: be quiet, still, and calm

2nd Guideline: Concentrate and focus

breathing with the nostrils and expanding and contracting the abdomen

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15
Q

Buddhist Meditation

A

Brings mind, body, and soul to tranquil balance

Uses one-pointedness (focus on one point)

Disciplined practice
- must become habit to benefit our minds, bodies, and souls effectively

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16
Q

Mindfulness Meditation

A

Focuses on the present
- Heart of most meditation forms lie in mindfulness

Become aware of physical, mental, and emotional states

Purposely paying attention to your experience in the moment

any state of mind can be a meditative state (anger, sadness, enthusiasm, delight) and is much more valuable than a blank mind or one that is out of touch
- Awareness of emotions = opportunity to learn about ourselves

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17
Q

Seated Meditation Positions

A

= allow stillness and quietness

  1. Burmese position: like pyramid of seated Buddha
    - Sit on floor and use a pillow so your knees can touch the ground
    - 360-degree stability
  2. Full lotus position: stable and symmetrical
    - Both legs are placed on opposite thigh
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18
Q

Movement meditation positions

A

Walking meditation

martial arts: zen archery, tai chi, qigong

sufi dancing:
- dance of universal peace
- uses music, poetry recital, singing, and dance
- bring participants to a mystical experience
** Dervish dancers:
- dance to the rhythm of the cosmos or the universe as they seem to represent the solar system and the planets that revolve around the sun
- seem to be in a trance-like state as they begin to understand the possibility of the eternity of the soul

Gurdjieff Sacred Dancing:
- use well-defined movements in which different parts of the body seem not to be related with each other
purpose of the dance is to train the dancers to be in the present moment with no thoughts of the past or future

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19
Q

Meditation Techniques

A
  • Concentration and Visualization Techniques
  • Insight Techniques
  • Sound Techniques
  • Emotion, Feeling, and Thought Techniques
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20
Q

Concentration and Visualization Techniques

A

CONCENTRATION
- Focus on an external object
- Help develop focus, self-knowledge, and calmness, and be aware of our consciousness
- Allows for greater awareness and clarity to emerge

VISUALIZATION
- Moving awareness to various parts of the body
- Imagining internal flows of light or energy
- Visualize images of places

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21
Q

Insight Techniques

A

WHO AM I?
- negating our false self so that we can realize our true nature or enlightenment
- start looking for the self and go deeper and deeper, the real Self is waiting there to take you in

Koan Meditation Technique
- break down an ordinary pattern of thinking
- Includes a story, question, or statement that cannot be understood by rational thinking but can be solved through intuition

Contemplation Meditation Technique
- use introspection, self-study, and reflection
- Help us gain a deeper understanding of some aspect of reality
- “meditation of the corpse” - imagine your own death, butial of body, body’s decomposition = helps us face reality

Silent Mind Meditation
- directly perceiving and feeling the world around us by focusing on how we are thinking
- being sensitive of the senses, the movement of the mind, the emotions, and to others

Empty Mind Meditation
- “awareness without object,” an emptying of all thoughts from your mind
- sitting still, often in a full lotus or cross-legged position, and letting our mind go silent on its own

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22
Q

mantra

A

Word or phrase that is repeated during meditation

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23
Q

Sound Techniques

A

mantra
- Helps people tune into energy field
- Helps with concentration
- Purify the heart and mind

Rhythm and Song Methods
- Combination of rhythm, chanting, music, and breath
- Many religious dominations use song

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24
Q

Emotion, Feeling, and Thought Techniques

A

Used independently - can be combined

Osho 3 steps to enlightenment:
○ Developed meditation that advocated letting go of all attachments of the past, future, and ego
○ Recommended laughter and tears in order to become enlightened
○ Said there were 3 steps to enlightenment

  1. Laugh without reason; you’ll see something repressed in you
  2. Tears - tears have been repressed even more deeply - cleanse eyes and heart - biological strategy to keep you clean and unburdened
  3. Silence - just watching, listening ,sensitive …
25
Q

Mandala

A

completion or circle

26
Q

Physiological Meditation Benefits

A

Increase:
- seratonin
- airflow to lungs
- blood flow
- resistance to wrinkles

Decrease:
- metabolic rate
cortisol
cholesterol
heart disease
blood lactates

27
Q

Psychological Meditation Benefits

A

increase:
learning ability and memory
happiness and emotional stability
energy, strength, vigor
self confidence
creativity

decrease:
depression
irritability
anxiety
moodniess
stress

28
Q

Meditation reduces activity of the _____________ and increases activity of the ___________, which is responsible for causing heart rate and breathing to slow down, blood vessels to dilate, and digestive juices to increase

A

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

*Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response (produces during stress)

29
Q

NCCIH meditation advice

A

Do not use as a replacement for conventional care/ as a reason to postpone seeing a doctor

Ask about the training and experience

Look for published research studies on meditation for the health condition in which you are interested

Tell all your healthcare providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use

30
Q

yoga

A

comes from the Sanskrit word meaning union

promoting harmony of body, mind, and spirit, which requires correct breathing, posture, and meditation

31
Q

7000 BCE to 1500 AD
YOGA

A

major purpose was to attain the highest spiritual goals: self-realization, enlightenment, and the liberation of the soul

  • way of life, a culture, and a lifestyle
  • included eating and bathing habits, prayer, work, and social interaction
32
Q

1500 AD onwards
YOGA

A

teachers began to focus more on the practices of Hatha Yoga

  • include asanas (postures), pranayama (breath control), and dhyana (meditation)
  • High spiritual aims began to be overlooked
33
Q

Today’s primary goals

A

Physical fitness, enhanced sexuality, and personal achievement

believed to increase the body’s store of prana or vital energy and, due to better posture, facilitate energy flow

34
Q
  1. Pranayama
  2. Asanas
  3. Dhyana
A
  1. breathing
  2. posture
  3. meditation
35
Q

Yoga benefits

A
  • develops strength, balance, and flexibility of the mind, posture

back pain to pain management, respiratory problems, arthritis, weight management, stress, depression, mental performance, heart disorders, and hypertension

36
Q

Prana stages

A

PRANA: taking air into lungs and breathing it out (1st and last stages)

After air is taken in, the 2nd form of energy occurs = SAMANA = oxygen is transported to your cells
○ balancing energy, the digestive breath

VYANA = 3rd form of prana = energy that governs the circulatory system and makes sure that oxygen reaches all cells in our bodies
○ awaken us emotionally

APANA = cleansing breathe
○ eliminates stale air from our lungs each time we breathe out
○ energies we have taken in are returned to the external environment

UDANA = “air that flies upward”
○ energy that starts in our solar plexus and gains strength as it rises upwards toward the throat and mouth

37
Q

Hypnosis

A

Mind-body technique that focuses on awareness and attention to internal stimuli

38
Q

T or F: hypnosis often produces a trancelike state wherein the participant is highly responsive to suggestion

A

T -not always

39
Q

____ ____ remains intact with hypnosis – deeply relaxed but highly focused state of mind

A

Free will

40
Q

hypnosis myth

A

hypnosis causes people to lose consciousness and to lose memory of what happened during the hypnotic state (amnesia)

  • small %, most remember everything
41
Q

hypnosis history

A

Part of shamanic traditions since the beginning of humankind

Shaman travels between many states of consciousness, healing people, prophesize the future, retrieve lost souls, and gain the ability to use any energies encountered

42
Q

2 hyponosis philosophies

A
  1. Neodissociation Model
    ○ Hypnosis activates a subsystem of both psychological and physiologic parts
    ○ results in an altered state of consciousness
  2. Social Psychological Model
    Altered state of consciousness does not occur – instead explained by suggestibility, positive attitudes, and expectations
43
Q

Undetermined which types of brain waves affected, believe ____

A

Theta

44
Q

4 Stages of Hypnosis

A
  1. Absorption
    ○ Become very relaxed
    ○ gain the capacity to deeply contemplate a selected theme or focal point
    ○ helps the person to become deeply engaged in the words or images that the hypnotherapist presents
  2. Dissociation
    ○ participant can let go of critical thoughts and gain the capacity to compartmentalize his or her experience
  3. Responding
    ○ responding to or complying with a hypnotherapist’s suggestion
  4. Reflection
    participant returns to usual awareness and reflects on the experience
45
Q

Hypnosis as a Therapeutic Treatment

A
  • used to gain access to the deeper levels of the mind so that a change in thinking and behavior will occur
  • Used to modify feelings of pain, fear, or anxiety

Used in conjunction with conventional methods like surgery

46
Q

hypnosis safety

A

considered safe when conducted under the care of a trained therapist

Adverse reactions are rare; they could include
- headache
- dizziness
- nausea
- anxiety
- panic
- creation of false memories

47
Q

The Alexander Technique

A

Process used to release muscular tension by moving mindfully

Method of rediscovering natural balance by monitoring our coordination during activities to reduce strain

48
Q

what area does The Alexander Technique focus on

A

neck and back

49
Q

How the Alexander Technique Works

A

Technique that helps people achieve core stability without specific muscle strengthening exercises

Walk and move around while the teacher observes your posture and movement patterns

Learn to think about your own movement and breathing techniques and be motivated to effectively change habits

50
Q

T or F: the alexander technique occasionally involved exercise and psychotherapy

A

F: does not involve exercises, medical therapy or treatment, psychotherapy, or spiritual healing technique

51
Q

the Alexander Technique
Benefits

A
  • freer and more comfortable movement
  • relief from muscle strain and chronic tension
  • better posture
  • easier and healthier breathing
  • increased strength
  • increased vitality
52
Q

Biofeedback

A

a mind-body intervention used to train people to improve their health by using their own body’s electrical signals from the muscles or brain

53
Q

1960s

A

scientists thought they could train research subjects to alter brain activity, blood pressure, heart rate, and other bodily functions

Research showed that we do have more control over involuntary body functions than we thought possible, but it also showed the limitations

54
Q

How biofeedback works

A

biofeedback practitioner will initiate a visual or auditory signal to stimulate stress responses

devices are used to monitor responses = brain wave activity (electroencephalography, or EEG), skin temperature (thermal feedback), muscle tension (electromyography, or EMG

55
Q

Patients see the displayed responses and are then taught to ________

A

consciously control their own body responses

aim is for the patient to control the stress response when not connected to the machine

56
Q

Types of Biofeedback

A

EMG Feedback
Neurofeedback
GSR Feedback

57
Q

who may provide biofeedback training

A

Psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, dentists, physicians, physical therapists, exercise scientists, and health educators

58
Q

Prayer for Healing

A
  • spiritual beliefs are said to be powerful enough to help them regain a sense of well-being
59
Q

Most controversial healing method

A

Distant healing
= praying for and healing others great distances away (sometimes without the ill person knowing it)

HS 3025 (12 decks)

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