MINERAL Flashcards
(16 cards)
Primary function: Bone health, maintenance of normal blood pressure, muscle contraction.
Deficiency: Hypocalcemia, low blood calcium usually caused by other medical conditions, osteoporosis can result from chronic calcium and vitamin D deficiency.
Calcium
Primary function: Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
Deficiency: Hypochloremia, usually caused by repeated vomiting in combination with low intakes.
Chloride
Primary function: Aids in carbohydrate metabolism.
Deficiency: Impaired glucose tolerance, increased blood cholesterol and triglycerides.
Chromium
Primary function: Part of various enzymes used for electron transport.
Deficiency: Deficiency is uncommon with exception of malnutrition.
Copper
Primary function: Bone and tooth healths
Deficiency: Increased cavity formation
Fluoride
Primary function: Component of thyroid gland, a form of the hormone thyroxine regulates metabolic rate.
Deficiency: Goiter (large growth on the thyroid gland) reproductive damage, hypothyroidism
Iodine
Primary function: Part of Hemoglobin
Deficiency: Low iron stores, iron-deficiency anemia, can affect cognition and immune function in children.
Iron
Primary function: Part of bones and teeth, protein creation, muscle activity, activator of metabolism of macronutrients.
Deficiency: Hypomagnesemia, low blood magnesium, occurs when other major minerals and deficient. Occurs with kidney disease and with alcoholism
Magnesium
Primary function: Cofactor for enzymes that facilitate metabolic processes and prevent damage by free radicals
Deficiency: Deficiency not seen in humans eating normal diets
Manganese
Primary function: Purine degradation, formation of uric acid, enzyme reactions.
Deficiency: Deficiency not seen in humans eating normal diets.
Molybdenum
Primary function: Part of bones and teeth
Deficiency: Hypophosphatemia, low blood phosphorus, occurs when with underlying disease conditions.
Phosphorus
Primary function: Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
Deficiency: Hypokalemia, low blood potassium, usually caused by vomiting and diarrhea, or use of diuretics (promotes urine formation), eventually irregular heartbeat.
Potassium
Primary function: Antioxidant, which protects substances from being oxidized and thus decreases the adverse effects of free radicals.
Deficiency: Muscle pain, muscle weakness, and cardiomyopathy (structural change in the heart such as enlargement of the heart)
Selenium
Primary function: Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
Deficiency: Hyponatremia, low blood sodium, usually a result of vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics (promotes urine formation) or profuse sweating.
Sodium
Primary function: Part of certain vitamins, part of sulfur containing amino acids, determines shape of protein molecules.
Deficiency: Deficiency not seen in humans
Sulfur
Primary function: Taste perception, coenzyme
Deficiency: Deficiency can result in delayed wound healing, impaired appetite, and diarrhea.
Zinc
